Lyon & Welsh (2019) Reading on Drugs, Violence, and Systemic Crime

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What are the three possible links outlined by Paul Goldstein (1985) between drugs and violence?

Social violence, economic violence, and psychological violence

Physical violence, emotional violence, and mental violence

Systemic violence, compulsive violence, and psychosomatic violence

Stomach violence, economic compulsive violence, and psychopharmacological violence (correct)

What is the dimension of systemic crime that concerns the overall operation of the gang or cartel involved in the drug trade?

Financial

Third party

Organizational (correct)

Transactional

What is the major purpose of economic compulsive crime according to the text?

To gain control over illegal markets

To support an existing drug habit (correct)

To establish a legal source of income

To eliminate competition from other drug users

What factor contributes to the financial cost of using psychoactive drugs according to the text?

The level of drug use and cost of the drug Signup and view all the answers

How do employment programs appear to reduce economic compulsive crime according to the text?

By providing a legal source of income for drug users Signup and view all the answers

What type of offending behavior does psychopharmacological crime encompass according to the text?

Behavior due to acute and chronic effects of using psychoactive substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'reverse psychopharmacological effect' as mentioned in the text?

Reduced likelihood of criminal behavior due to psychoactive substances Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'self-medication hypothesis' propose according to the text?

Individuals take psychoactive drugs to suppress pre-existing feelings of anger and aggression Signup and view all the answers

Why do employment programs reduce economic compulsive crime?

'Employment programs' provide a legal source of income for drug users Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) mentioned in the text?

To provide consistent language and description for psychological disorder diagnoses Signup and view all the answers

What does the DSM-5 recognize in relation to a single diagnosis for a specific substance use disorder?

It better aligns with the patient’s experience of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What type of dependence is based on the idea that drug-taking behaviors continue to avoid negative consequences like withdrawal symptoms?

Physical Dependence Signup and view all the answers

Which category of addiction has been recognized by the DSM-5?

Substance-related addictive disorders Signup and view all the answers

What does research suggest about gambling disorder?

It manifests similar clinical criteria and treatment as substance use disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which group is provided with consistent language and description regarding diagnoses for psychological disorders according to the text?

Clinicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, and others Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug tolerance develops over repeated exposures to a drug over an extended period?

Protracted tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the effects of drugs on behavior called?

Psychopharmacology Signup and view all the answers

What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person to compensate for the effects of a drug?

Behavioral tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the formal definition of substance disorders in North America given in?

The DSM-5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the general difference between drug use and drug abuse according to the text?

Negative consequences associated with use Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug dependence is based on the craving for the positive effects associated with using drugs?

Psychological dependence Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as an overwhelming involvement with using a drug, in which the person feels a need to have it, develops a tolerance to it, and has a strong tendency to resume use of it after stopping for a while?

Drug addiction Signup and view all the answers

What does dispositional tolerance occur as a result of?

An increase in metabolic rate of a drug with regular use Signup and view all the answers

What are the three sets of factors that influence the experience that humans have from taking drugs?

Biological, psychological, and social factors Signup and view all the answers

What does the DSM-5 classify substance-use disorders based on?

Drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the major purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) as mentioned in the text?

To provide a formal criteria system for diagnosing and treating mental disorders Signup and view all the answers

What type of dependence is based on the idea that drug-taking behaviors continue in order to avoid negative consequences like withdrawal symptoms?

Physical Dependence Signup and view all the answers

What does the DSM-5 recognize in relation to a single diagnosis for a specific substance use disorder?

That it better aligns with the patient’s experience of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimension of systemic crime that concerns the overall operation of the gang or cartel involved in the drug trade?

Systemic crime dimension Signup and view all the answers

What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person to compensate for the effects of a drug?

Behavioral tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What category of addiction has been recognized by the DSM-5?

Behavioural addictions Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug tolerance refers to the phenomenon where the body quickly adapts to the effects of a drug during the course of a single exposure?

Acute tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug dependence is based on the craving for the positive effects associated with using drugs?

Psychological dependence Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the effects of drugs on behavior called?

Psychopharmacology Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug tolerance occurs when the regular use of a given drug results in an increase in metabolism rate of the drug, requiring users to consume greater quantities to maintain a certain level?

Functional tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person, in experience in using drugs, compensates for its effects?

Behavioral tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the general difference between drug use and drug abuse?

Negative consequences associated with abuse Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the central nervous system becomes less sensitive to a drug's effects?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the body undergoes adaptive changes in response to persistent drug exposure over an extended period?

Protracted tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What are the three possible links outlined by Paul Goldstein (1985) between drugs and violence?

Pharmacological, societal, individual Signup and view all the answers

What does dispositional tolerance occur as a result of?

Metabolic changes in the body due to drug use Signup and view all the answers

Lyon &amp; Welsh (2019) Reading on Drugs, Violence, and Systemic Crime

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Questions and Answers

What are the three possible links outlined by Paul Goldstein (1985) between drugs and violence?

What is the dimension of systemic crime that concerns the overall operation of the gang or cartel involved in the drug trade?

What is the major purpose of economic compulsive crime according to the text?

What factor contributes to the financial cost of using psychoactive drugs according to the text?

How do employment programs appear to reduce economic compulsive crime according to the text?

What type of offending behavior does psychopharmacological crime encompass according to the text?

What is the 'reverse psychopharmacological effect' as mentioned in the text?

What does the 'self-medication hypothesis' propose according to the text?

Why do employment programs reduce economic compulsive crime?

What is the main purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) mentioned in the text?

What does the DSM-5 recognize in relation to a single diagnosis for a specific substance use disorder?

What type of dependence is based on the idea that drug-taking behaviors continue to avoid negative consequences like withdrawal symptoms?

Which category of addiction has been recognized by the DSM-5?

What does research suggest about gambling disorder?

Which group is provided with consistent language and description regarding diagnoses for psychological disorders according to the text?

What type of drug tolerance develops over repeated exposures to a drug over an extended period?

What is the study of the effects of drugs on behavior called?

What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person to compensate for the effects of a drug?

What is the formal definition of substance disorders in North America given in?

What is the general difference between drug use and drug abuse according to the text?

Which type of drug dependence is based on the craving for the positive effects associated with using drugs?

What is defined as an overwhelming involvement with using a drug, in which the person feels a need to have it, develops a tolerance to it, and has a strong tendency to resume use of it after stopping for a while?

What does dispositional tolerance occur as a result of?

What are the three sets of factors that influence the experience that humans have from taking drugs?

What does the DSM-5 classify substance-use disorders based on?

What is the major purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) as mentioned in the text?

What type of dependence is based on the idea that drug-taking behaviors continue in order to avoid negative consequences like withdrawal symptoms?

What does the DSM-5 recognize in relation to a single diagnosis for a specific substance use disorder?

What is the dimension of systemic crime that concerns the overall operation of the gang or cartel involved in the drug trade?

What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person to compensate for the effects of a drug?

What category of addiction has been recognized by the DSM-5?

What type of drug tolerance refers to the phenomenon where the body quickly adapts to the effects of a drug during the course of a single exposure?

Which type of drug dependence is based on the craving for the positive effects associated with using drugs?

What is the study of the effects of drugs on behavior called?

What type of drug tolerance occurs when the regular use of a given drug results in an increase in metabolism rate of the drug, requiring users to consume greater quantities to maintain a certain level?

What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person, in experience in using drugs, compensates for its effects?

What is the general difference between drug use and drug abuse?

Which part of the central nervous system becomes less sensitive to a drug's effects?

What occurs when the body undergoes adaptive changes in response to persistent drug exposure over an extended period?

What are the three possible links outlined by Paul Goldstein (1985) between drugs and violence?

What does dispositional tolerance occur as a result of?

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Lyon & Welsh (2019) Reading on Drugs, Violence, and Systemic Crime