41 Questions
What are the three possible links outlined by Paul Goldstein (1985) between drugs and violence?
Stomach violence, economic compulsive violence, and psychopharmacological violence
What is the dimension of systemic crime that concerns the overall operation of the gang or cartel involved in the drug trade?
Organizational
What is the major purpose of economic compulsive crime according to the text?
To support an existing drug habit
What factor contributes to the financial cost of using psychoactive drugs according to the text?
The level of drug use and cost of the drug
How do employment programs appear to reduce economic compulsive crime according to the text?
By providing a legal source of income for drug users
What type of offending behavior does psychopharmacological crime encompass according to the text?
Behavior due to acute and chronic effects of using psychoactive substances
What is the 'reverse psychopharmacological effect' as mentioned in the text?
Reduced likelihood of criminal behavior due to psychoactive substances
What does the 'self-medication hypothesis' propose according to the text?
Individuals take psychoactive drugs to suppress pre-existing feelings of anger and aggression
Why do employment programs reduce economic compulsive crime?
'Employment programs' provide a legal source of income for drug users
What is the main purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) mentioned in the text?
To provide consistent language and description for psychological disorder diagnoses
What does the DSM-5 recognize in relation to a single diagnosis for a specific substance use disorder?
It better aligns with the patient’s experience of symptoms
What type of dependence is based on the idea that drug-taking behaviors continue to avoid negative consequences like withdrawal symptoms?
Physical Dependence
Which category of addiction has been recognized by the DSM-5?
Substance-related addictive disorders
What does research suggest about gambling disorder?
It manifests similar clinical criteria and treatment as substance use disorders
Which group is provided with consistent language and description regarding diagnoses for psychological disorders according to the text?
Clinicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, and others
What type of drug tolerance develops over repeated exposures to a drug over an extended period?
Protracted tolerance
What is the study of the effects of drugs on behavior called?
Psychopharmacology
What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person to compensate for the effects of a drug?
Behavioral tolerance
What is the formal definition of substance disorders in North America given in?
The DSM-5
What is the general difference between drug use and drug abuse according to the text?
Negative consequences associated with use
Which type of drug dependence is based on the craving for the positive effects associated with using drugs?
Psychological dependence
What is defined as an overwhelming involvement with using a drug, in which the person feels a need to have it, develops a tolerance to it, and has a strong tendency to resume use of it after stopping for a while?
Drug addiction
What does dispositional tolerance occur as a result of?
An increase in metabolic rate of a drug with regular use
What are the three sets of factors that influence the experience that humans have from taking drugs?
Biological, psychological, and social factors
What does the DSM-5 classify substance-use disorders based on?
Drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms
What is the major purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) as mentioned in the text?
To provide a formal criteria system for diagnosing and treating mental disorders
What type of dependence is based on the idea that drug-taking behaviors continue in order to avoid negative consequences like withdrawal symptoms?
Physical Dependence
What does the DSM-5 recognize in relation to a single diagnosis for a specific substance use disorder?
That it better aligns with the patient’s experience of symptoms
What is the dimension of systemic crime that concerns the overall operation of the gang or cartel involved in the drug trade?
Systemic crime dimension
What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person to compensate for the effects of a drug?
Behavioral tolerance
What category of addiction has been recognized by the DSM-5?
Behavioural addictions
What type of drug tolerance refers to the phenomenon where the body quickly adapts to the effects of a drug during the course of a single exposure?
Acute tolerance
Which type of drug dependence is based on the craving for the positive effects associated with using drugs?
Psychological dependence
What is the study of the effects of drugs on behavior called?
Psychopharmacology
What type of drug tolerance occurs when the regular use of a given drug results in an increase in metabolism rate of the drug, requiring users to consume greater quantities to maintain a certain level?
Functional tolerance
What involves a behavioral adjustment by the person, in experience in using drugs, compensates for its effects?
Behavioral tolerance
What is the general difference between drug use and drug abuse?
Negative consequences associated with abuse
Which part of the central nervous system becomes less sensitive to a drug's effects?
Brain
What occurs when the body undergoes adaptive changes in response to persistent drug exposure over an extended period?
Protracted tolerance
What are the three possible links outlined by Paul Goldstein (1985) between drugs and violence?
Pharmacological, societal, individual
What does dispositional tolerance occur as a result of?
Metabolic changes in the body due to drug use
Explore the concepts and frameworks presented in Lyon & Welsh (2019) regarding the interconnections between drugs and violence, including the three possible links and dimensions of systemic crime. This reading covers Paul Goldstein's influential conceptual framework and its relevance to understanding illegal behavior related to drug trade.
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