Lymphocyte Development Lecture Notes

<p>They undergo apoptosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By eliminating potentially harmful self-reactive cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the generation of unique variable regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V, D, and J genes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The constant region contains few genes compared to the variable region. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random selection and recombination of gene segments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to the diversity of the variable region. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is generated by using various combinations of V, D, and J gene segments in different lymphocyte clones. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It arises from changes in nucleotide sequences at the junctions of recombining gene segments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of available V, D, and J gene segments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It introduces variability that enhances the ability to recognize a wide range of antigens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are gene segments that contribute to the diversity of antigen receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system cannot mount a normal response to self-antigens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anergy suggests tolerance to self-antigens has failed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to eliminate self-reactive T cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-antigens are typically ignored by anergic immune systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low antigen concentration and co-stimulatory signal absence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anergic lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigen presentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent immune response to self-antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clonal deletion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clonal energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves weak recognition of self peptides/MHC complexes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-7 is crucial for the expansion of T cells in the thymus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thymocyte undergoes clonal deletion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double negatives do not express either CD4 or CD8. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-antigens are always present and crucial for negative selection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Processes essential for the cell to sustain itself.

Process eliminating cells with receptors strongly recognizing self-antigens, avoiding autoimmunity.

A cell component that identifies and binds to specific antigens.

Molecules present on the body's own cells, recognized by the immune system.

Harmful response by the immune system to the body's own cells.

Few genes are present in the constant region of antibodies and T cell receptors.

Gene segments (V, D, J) are randomly selected and recombined to make unique variable regions of antibodies and T cell receptors.

Unique antibody variable regions are generated by random combination of V, D, J gene segments.

The random process of combining V, D, J segments creates diverse T cell receptors.

The unique variable regions of antibodies (Ig) and T cell receptors (TCR) allow for recognition and response to a vast array of antigens.

The process of rearranging DNA segments to create unique antigen receptors on lymphocytes.

The diversity of antigen receptors produced by combining different V, D, and J gene segments in different lymphocytes.

Diversity created by changes in the nucleotide sequences at the junctions of V, D, and J gene segments during recombination.

The process uses the number of available V, D, and J gene segments to create a wide range of antigen receptors.

The number of available V, D, and J gene segments limits the potential diversity of antigen receptors.

A state where the immune system is unable to mount a normal immune response to a specific antigen.

The body's coordinated defense against foreign substances and pathogens.

In a state of anergy, the immune system fails to react normally to a specific antigen, often a self-antigen.

Anergy suggests a potential issue with the immune system's ability to differentiate between self and non-self, potentially leading to autoimmunity.

The immune system's ability to distinguish self from non-self, preventing harmful attacks on the body's own tissues.

Anergy, clonal deletion, and immunoregulation.

Elimination of immune cells that strongly recognize self-antigens, preventing autoimmune reactions.

Control and fine-tuning of immune responses, ensuring appropriate and balanced reactions.

Immature T cells that migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus, where they will mature into functional T cells.

A stage in T cell development characterized by the absence of both CD4 and CD8 co-receptors on the cell surface.

A developing T cell that has successfully rearranged its TCR β-chain gene and expresses it on the surface along with the pre-Tα chain.

A process in T cell development where weak interaction with self-peptide/MHC complexes promotes survival of T cells that can recognize self-antigens.