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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements accurately describes the initial path of the thoracic duct?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the initial path of the thoracic duct?
- It arises from the right lymphatic duct and travels downwards.
- It starts in the neck and goes down behind the carotid sheath.
- It originates in the superior mediastinum and descends towards the cisterna chyli.
- It begins in the abdomen at the upper end of the cisterna chyli. (correct)
The thoracic duct enters the thorax through which opening?
The thoracic duct enters the thorax through which opening?
- Caval opening
- Foramen ovale
- Esophageal hiatus
- Aortic opening in the diaphragm (correct)
What is the relationship between the thoracic duct and the esophagus in the superior mediastinum?
What is the relationship between the thoracic duct and the esophagus in the superior mediastinum?
- The thoracic duct passes through the aortic opening in the diaphragm.
- The thoracic duct lies anterior to the esophagus.
- The thoracic duct ascends upward along the left margin of the esophagus. (correct)
- The thoracic duct passes through the esophagus.
At the root of the neck, how far does the thoracic duct ascend along the esophagus?
At the root of the neck, how far does the thoracic duct ascend along the esophagus?
After bending laterally at the root of the neck, what anatomical structure does the thoracic duct pass behind?
After bending laterally at the root of the neck, what anatomical structure does the thoracic duct pass behind?
Where does the thoracic duct typically drain into?
Where does the thoracic duct typically drain into?
The brachial plexus is formed by the union of anterior rami from which spinal nerves?
The brachial plexus is formed by the union of anterior rami from which spinal nerves?
What are the primary divisions of the brachial plexus after the roots?
What are the primary divisions of the brachial plexus after the roots?
Which trunks join to form the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Which trunks join to form the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Where do the roots of the brachial plexus enter the neck?
Where do the roots of the brachial plexus enter the neck?
Flashcards
Right Lymphatic Duct
Right Lymphatic Duct
Drains lymph from the upper right side of the body into the venous system.
Cisterna Chyli
Cisterna Chyli
A sac-like structure that collects lymph from the lower body and abdomen.
Thoracic Duct
Thoracic Duct
Drains lymph from the left side of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and lower limbs.
Lumbar Lymph Trunks
Lumbar Lymph Trunks
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Intestinal Lymph Trunks
Intestinal Lymph Trunks
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Brachial Plexus Formation
Brachial Plexus Formation
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Study Notes
Lymphatic System Components
- Right lymphatic duct is a key vessel.
- Right jugular trunk flows into the right lymphatic duct.
- Right subclavian trunk is a component of the right lymphatic system.
- Right bronchomediastinal trunk is part of the lymphatic drainage.
- Left jugular lymph trunk is a vessel on the left side.
- Left subclavian lymph trunk is another vessel on the left side.
- Left bronchomediastinal lymph trunk is also on the left.
- Thoracic duct is a major lymphatic vessel.
- Descending thoracic lymph trunk is below.
- Cisterna chyli is an important structure.
- Intestinal lymph trunks are involved in lymphatic drainage.
- Lumbar lymph trunks are also involved in lymphatic drainage.
The Thoracic Duct
- The thoracic duct begins in the abdomen at the upper end of the cisterna chyli.
- It enters the thorax through the aortic opening in the diaphragm and ascends upward.
- Upon reaching the superior mediastinum, it passes upward along the left margin of the esophagus.
- At the root of the neck, it continues along the left margin of the esophagus to the level of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra.
- It bends Laterally behind the Carotid sheath.
- Reaching the medial border of the scalenus anterior, it descends and drains into the beginning of the left brachiocephalic vein.
- The thoracic duct may also end in the terminal part of the subclavian or internal jugular veins.
Main Nerves of The Neck
- The brachial plexus forms in the posterior triangle of the neck from the union of anterior rami of the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th cervical and 1st thoracic spinal nerves.
- The plexus divides into roots, trunks, divisions, and cords.
- The roots of C5 and C6 make the upper trunk, the root of C7 continues as the middle trunk, and the roots of C8 and T1 unite to form the lower trunk.
- Each trunk then divides into anterior and posterior divisions.
- The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks unite to form the lateral cord, the anterior division of the lower trunk continues as the medial cord, and the posterior divisions of all three trunks join to form the posterior cord.
- The roots of the brachial plexus enter the base of the neck between the scalenus anterior and the scalenus medius muscles.
- The trunks and divisions cross the posterior triangle of the neck.
- The trunks and divisions become arranged around the axillary artery in the axilla, along with the brachial plexus and the axillary artery and vein.
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