Lymphatic System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the lymphatic system?

  • To transport oxygen in the blood
  • To produce red blood cells
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To drain wastes and support the immune system (correct)

    • Which of the following correctly identifies where T cells mature?

  • Lymph nodes
  • Bone marrow
  • Thymus (correct)
  • Spleen

    • What type of connective tissue primarily makes up the stroma in lymphoid tissues?

  • Elastic connective tissue
  • Reticular connective tissue (correct)
  • Dense regular connective tissue
  • Loose areolar connective tissue

    • What is contained in the parenchyma of lymphoid tissues?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organ types is responsible for both the production and maturation of B and T cells?

    <p>Both thymus and bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes primary lymphoid organs from secondary lymphoid organs?

    <p>Primary organs are where B and T cells mature or are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape do most lymph nodes resemble?

    <p>Kidney-bean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of red bone marrow in adults?

    <p>Clusters of hematopoietic islands and numerous adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue forms the capsule that envelopes the lobes of the thymus?

    <p>Dense irregular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hematopoietic stem cells?

    <p>Create all blood cells of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the thymus, what is the main role of the stroma?

    <p>To serve as a supporting network for developing T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thymus during puberty?

    <p>It involutes and becomes smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the cortex of the thymus?

    <p>It is the outer, darker region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant change that occurs in lymphoid organs as people age?

    <p>More adipocytes present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can occur if the thymus does not function properly?

    <p>Autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medulla of the thymus characterized by?

    <p>Containing more adipose tissue in adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the central tolerance induced during T cell maturation in the thymus?

    <p>Central tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure provides a framework for the developing T lymphocytes in the thymus?

    <p>Reticular fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of thymic interdigitating cells?

    <p>To present self-antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to developing T cells in the thymus if they fail positive selection?

    <p>They undergo apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of the medulla of the thymus?

    <p>Presence of Hassall’s corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of macrophages in the thymus?

    <p>To eliminate apoptotic thymocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aging affect Hassall's corpuscles in the thymus?

    <p>They increase in number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of T cells failing negative selection in the thymus?

    <p>They undergo apoptosis and die</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the thymus is primarily involved in the positive selection of T cells?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lymph nodes primarily store and increase in response to an antigen?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes T cells that exit the thymus?

    <p>Mature, immunocompetent, and self-tolerant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure enters the lymph nodes to be filtered?

    <p>Afferent vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the germinal center is characterized by quiescent B cells?

    <p>Mantle zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process do T cells undergo if they successfully recognize a foreign substance?

    <p>Become active and proliferate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

    <p>Filtering lymph for particulate matter and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells predominantly populate the outer cortex of lymph nodes?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of centrocytes?

    <p>T-helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of centroblasts found in the dark zone of the germinal center?

    <p>Highly mitotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the lymph node do B cells interact with follicular dendritic cells?

    <p>Light zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding secondary nodules in lymph nodes?

    <p>They contain active follicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue primarily makes up the capsule of the lymph node?

    <p>Dense irregular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are macrophages in the lymph nodes responsible for?

    <p>Presenting antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cell type found in the medulla of the spleen?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the spleen related to red blood cells?

    <p>Removes damaged and old RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component makes up the majority of the spleen's structure?

    <p>Red pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found in the marginal zone of the spleen?

    <p>Transitional area between red and white pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the white pulp of the spleen?

    <p>It contains a germinal center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure covers the central artery in the spleen?

    <p>Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell types are predominantly found in the white pulp of the spleen?

    <p>B and T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of the spleen that differentiates it from other lymphoid organs?

    <p>Kidney-bean shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinguishing feature of pharyngeal tonsils compared to palatine and lingual tonsils?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium characterizes the lingual tonsils?

    <p>Simple squamous nonkeratinized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Peyer's patches primarily located within the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is specifically associated with antigen presentation in Peyer's patches?

    <p>M-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature is characteristic of the tonsillar crypts?

    <p>Deep, branching invaginations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the body is the appendix located?

    <p>Lower right quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is primarily found in the lamina propria of the appendix?

    <p>Areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the palatine and lingual tonsils share in terms of epithelial structure?

    <p>Simple squamous nonkeratinized epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lymphatic System

    • Lymphatic system drains waste and is part of the immune system.
    • It monitors body surfaces and internal compartments for harmful substances.
    • Lymphocytes are the definitive cell type.

    Lymphoid Tissues

    • Composed of stroma (supporting framework-reticular connective tissue) and parenchyma (functional elements, mostly lymphocytes).
    • Lymph tissues can be in nodules or diffused (not encapsulated).

    Primary Lymphoid Organs

    • Bone marrow: location for B and T cell creation; B cells mature here.
    • Thymus: location where T cells mature.

    Secondary Lymphoid Organs

    • Secondary organs include lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and MALT.
    • Lymph nodes filter lymph for pathogens and foreign substances.
    • Spleen filters blood.
    • Tonsils are located in the pharynx and help protect against pathogens entering the body.
    • MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) protects mucosal surfaces.

    Lymph Nodes

    • Lymph nodes are encapsulated and bean-shaped.
    • They contain lymphatic nodules (aggregates of lymphocytes).
    • Lymph nodes filter lymph, which is a fluid that circulates throughout the body.
    • Lymph nodes contain macrophages (cells that engulf foreign substances).

    Spleen

    • The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ.
    • It filters blood, removing damaged red blood cells and pathogens.
    • It contains red pulp (for filtering red blood cells), and white pulp (similar to lymph nodes, containing lymphocytes which can proliferate in the presence of an antigen).

    MALT (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)

    • MALT is a diffuse lymphatic tissue—meaning it's not encapsulated.
    • It protects mucosal surfaces, such as the lining of the digestive tract.
    • Includes tonsils (palatine, pharyngeal, lingual, tubal) and Peyer's patches located in the small intestine.
    • Peyer's patches and appendix filter out pathogens and have germinal centers containing specialized immune cells.

    Thymus

    • The thymus is where T cells mature.
    • As people age, the thymus shrinks and becomes infiltrated with fat.
    • The thymus has an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
    • Thymic corpuscles are found in the medulla.

    General Lymphoid Tissue

    • Hematopoietic cells generate all blood cells.
    • Lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue can proliferate and mature based on the encountering of antigens.
    • Lymphocytes with antigen specificity increase in number in the presence of the antigen.

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    Lymphatics PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential components of the lymphatic system, including its structure and function. Learn about primary and secondary lymphoid organs, the role of lymphocytes, and how the lymphatic system contributes to immune response. Test your knowledge on lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues.

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