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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the lymphatic system?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the lymphatic system?
Lymphatic capillaries are found throughout the entire body including the epidermis and CNS.
Lymphatic capillaries are found throughout the entire body including the epidermis and CNS.
False (B)
What is the name of the fluid that enters the lymphatic capillaries?
What is the name of the fluid that enters the lymphatic capillaries?
lymph
The lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that transport digested fats are called _______.
The lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that transport digested fats are called _______.
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What does lymph fluid resemble?
What does lymph fluid resemble?
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Match the components of the lymphatic system with their descriptions:
Match the components of the lymphatic system with their descriptions:
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The main function of the lymphatic system is to produce hormones.
The main function of the lymphatic system is to produce hormones.
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What is the primary role of lymphocytes within the lymphatic system?
What is the primary role of lymphocytes within the lymphatic system?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
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The thoracic duct drains lymph from the entire body, including the upper right side.
The thoracic duct drains lymph from the entire body, including the upper right side.
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What is the primary function of tonsils?
What is the primary function of tonsils?
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The surgical removal of the pharyngeal tonsil is known as a(n) ______.
The surgical removal of the pharyngeal tonsil is known as a(n) ______.
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Which of the following is a complication that can occur if the lymphatic vessels are obstructed?
Which of the following is a complication that can occur if the lymphatic vessels are obstructed?
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The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body.
The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body.
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Name one of the ways that lymph flow is assisted in the body.
Name one of the ways that lymph flow is assisted in the body.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What is the primary function of lymphatic capillaries?
What is the primary function of lymphatic capillaries?
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The thoracic duct empties into the right subclavian vein.
The thoracic duct empties into the right subclavian vein.
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What is the name of the hormone that causes maturation of the thymus and other lymphoid tissue?
What is the name of the hormone that causes maturation of the thymus and other lymphoid tissue?
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Lymph enters the lymph nodes through ______ lymphatic vessels.
Lymph enters the lymph nodes through ______ lymphatic vessels.
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Match the following structures with their primary function:
Match the following structures with their primary function:
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Which of the following mechanisms aids in the flow of lymph?
Which of the following mechanisms aids in the flow of lymph?
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Edema can result from decreased capillary blood pressure.
Edema can result from decreased capillary blood pressure.
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What is the condition caused by filarial worms that block the flow of lymph, causing swelling?
What is the condition caused by filarial worms that block the flow of lymph, causing swelling?
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The largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body is the ______.
The largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body is the ______.
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Match each lymphatic structure with their respective location within the human anatomy.
Match each lymphatic structure with their respective location within the human anatomy.
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What type of cells are primarily found in the white pulp of the spleen?
What type of cells are primarily found in the white pulp of the spleen?
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The thymus continues to increase in size throughout adulthood.
The thymus continues to increase in size throughout adulthood.
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What is the term for enlargement of the lymph nodes due to inflammation?
What is the term for enlargement of the lymph nodes due to inflammation?
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The right lymphatic duct drains lymph into the right ______ vein.
The right lymphatic duct drains lymph into the right ______ vein.
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Match the type of cancer with its description.
Match the type of cancer with its description.
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Flashcards
What is the lymphatic system?
What is the lymphatic system?
A vast network of vessels and organs that collect, filter, and return lymph fluid to the bloodstream.
What is lymph?
What is lymph?
Lymph is a clear, fluid similar to blood plasma that circulates throughout the lymphatic vessels.
What are lymph capillaries?
What are lymph capillaries?
Lymph capillaries are tiny, blind-ended vessels that collect excess interstitial fluid and proteins.
What are lymphatic vessels?
What are lymphatic vessels?
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What are lymphatic organs?
What are lymphatic organs?
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What is lymphatic tissue?
What is lymphatic tissue?
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How does the lymphatic system contribute to immunity?
How does the lymphatic system contribute to immunity?
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What role does the lymphatic system play in lipid absorption?
What role does the lymphatic system play in lipid absorption?
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Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue
Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue
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Adenoidectomy
Adenoidectomy
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Bone Marrow and Immunity
Bone Marrow and Immunity
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Spleen Function
Spleen Function
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Edema
Edema
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Tonsils
Tonsils
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Lymphatic Vessel Valves
Lymphatic Vessel Valves
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Splenectomy
Splenectomy
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Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries
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Lymphatic valves
Lymphatic valves
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Lymph circulation
Lymph circulation
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Lymphatic tributaries
Lymphatic tributaries
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Lymphatic trunks
Lymphatic trunks
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Right lymphatic duct
Right lymphatic duct
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Thoracic duct
Thoracic duct
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Left subclavian vein
Left subclavian vein
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Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
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Thymus
Thymus
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Lymph nodes
Lymph nodes
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Spleen
Spleen
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White pulp
White pulp
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Red pulp
Red pulp
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Study Notes
Lymphatic System Overview
- The lymphatic system is a vascular network of tubules and ducts.
- It collects, filters, and returns lymph to blood circulation.
- It is composed of organs working together to perform specific functions.
- It plays a critical role in the body's defense against disease.
Functions of the Lymphatic System
- Transports excess fluid from interstitial spaces back to the bloodstream.
- Lymph capillaries pick up excess interstitial fluid and proteins, returning them to venous blood.
- Absorbs lipids from the digestive system and transports them to the venous circulation.
- Defends against invading microorganisms and disease, filtering lymph in lymph nodes.
- Lymph nodes and other lymphatic organs filter lymph to remove microorganisms.
- Lymphatic organs contain lymphocytes that destroy invading organisms.
Components of the Lymphatic System
- Lymphatic capillaries
- Lymphatic vessels
- Lymphatic trunks
- Lymphatic ducts
- Lymphatic organs and tissues
Lymphatic Capillaries
- Begin as blind-ended lymph capillaries.
- Found throughout the body except the epidermis, central nervous system (CNS), cornea of the eye, and bones.
- The capillary walls are permeable to interstitial fluids, including proteins and cell debris.
- Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries that transport digested fats from the small intestine into blood.
- One-way valves prevent backflow of lymph.
Lymphatic Vessels
- Formed by merging lymphatic capillaries.
- Found alongside arteries and veins.
- Carry fluid away from tissue spaces and return it to the venous system.
Lymphatic Trunks and Ducts
- Small lymphatics form larger tributaries called lymphatic trunks.
- Lymphatic trunks combine to form two large lymphatic ducts:
- Right lymphatic duct: Drains the upper right side of the body. (Head, neck, right upper extremity, right side of thorax) Empties into the right subclavian vein.
- Thoracic duct: Drains the rest of the body. (Left side of the head, neck, and chest, the left upper extremity, and the entire body below the ribs) Empties into the left subclavian vein.
Flow of Lymph
- Lymph flows from lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks and then into lymphatic ducts.
- It joins the bloodstream at the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins.
Maintenance of Lymph Flow
- Aided by skeletal muscle contractions, compressing lymphatic vessels and moving lymph.
- Respiratory pump, during inhalation, creates pressure differences between the abdomen and thoracic cavity.
- Smooth muscle contraction in larger lymphatic vessels promotes lymph flow.
- Lymphatic valves prevent backflow.
Clinical Application of Lymphatic System
- Edema: Excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid due to lymphatic system obstruction (infected lymph node or blocked lymphatic vessels), lack of skeletal muscle contraction, or increased capillary blood pressure.
- Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis): Filarial worms carried by mosquitos block lymphatic flow, resulting in edema.
- Lymph node removal: (e.g., in cancer treatment)
Lymphatic Organs
- Thymus
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Tonsils
- Bone marrow
Thymus
- Located between the sternum and heart.
- Contains T cells, epithelial cells, and macrophages.
- Site of T cell maturation before entering the bloodstream.
- Thymosin hormone stimulates thymus and other lymphoid tissue maturation.
- Shrinks during adolescence.
Lymph Nodes
- Oval structures located along lymphatic vessels.
- Contains lymphocytes and macrophages.
- Filter lymph and remove foreign substances
- Heavily concentrated near mammary glands, axilla, and groin.
- Lymph enters through afferent vessels and leaves through efferent vessels.
- Proliferation of lymphocytes occurs in nodes.
- Phagocytosis: Destruction of foreign substances by macrophages.
Spleen
- Largest lymphatic organ in the body.
- Located in the left hypochondriac region, between the fundus of the stomach and diaphragm.
- White pulp: contains lymphocytes.
- Red pulp: filled with blood and splenic cords containing RBCs, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes.
- Functions: phagocytosis (removal of worn-out or defective blood cells), storage of blood, immune response, and in some cases erythropoiesis (blood cell production).
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
- Lymphatic tissue not surrounded by capsules.
- Contains B and T lymphocytes.
- Important for early detection of invaders.
- Includes Peyer's patches (in the ileum of the small intestine) and tonsils.
Tonsils
- Lymphatic nodules embedded in mucous membranes at the junction of the oral cavity and pharynx.
- Includes pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual tonsils.
- Function: Protect against invasion of foreign substances in nasal and oral cavities.
Bone Marrow
- Soft, flexible tissue inside bones.
- Responsible for the production of blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets).
- Bone marrow stem cells play a vital role in immunity by generating lymphocytes.
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Description
This quiz explores the lymphatic system, detailing its key components and essential functions. Learn how this vital vascular network contributes to fluid transport, lipid absorption, and immune defense against diseases. Test your knowledge on how the lymphatic system supports overall bodily health.