Lymphatic System and Immunity
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What vessels transport lymph and facilitate immune responses?

Lymphatic vessels

What is the source of lymph?

interstitial fluid and blood plasma

What mechanisms are responsible for lymph transport?

muscle contraction and one-way valves

What is lymphoid tissue composed of?

<p>lymphocytes and supporting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are diffuse lymphoid tissues?

<p>Scattered lymphoid cells without a defined structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is follicular lymphoid tissue?

<p>Organized structures with germinal centers for B cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do lymph nodes do?

<p>Filter lymph and house immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the spleen do?

<p>Filters blood and recycles iron from hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MALT stand for, and what does it do?

<p>Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, protects mucosal surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the thymus?

<p>Site of T lymphocyte maturation and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is innate immunity?

<p>Non-specific defenses present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adaptive immunity?

<p>Specific defenses involving T and B lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are phagocytes?

<p>Cells that engulf and digest pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do natural killer cells do?

<p>Destroy infected or cancerous cells non-specifically</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes inflammation?

<p>Response to injury characterized by redness and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vasodilation?

<p>Widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antimicrobial proteins?

<p>Proteins that inhibit microbial growth directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are interferons (IFNs)?

<p>Proteins that enhance antiviral defenses in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complement cascade?

<p>Series of proteins that promote cell lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are acute inflammation signs?

<p>Redness, heat, swelling, and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are macrophages?

<p>Phagocytic cells that clear debris and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are eosinophils?

<p>White blood cells involved in combating parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dendritic cells?

<p>Antigen-presenting cells that activate T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a membrane attack complex (MAC)?

<p>Group of proteins that lyse target cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are clotting factors?

<p>Proteins that aid in blood coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do innate defenses target?

<p>Microbe-associated molecular patterns indicating infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do adaptive defenses do?

<p>Recognize and destroy specific pathogens initiating response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of response is an adaptive immune response?

<p>Systemic response not limited to infection site</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a memory response?

<p>Ability to recognize antigens for faster future response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe cellular immunity

<p>Direct attack on microbes by T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe humoral Immunity

<p>Antibody-mediated protection from B lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe clonal selection

<p>Antigen binding selects lymphocyte for further development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is clonal expansion?

<p>Activated lymphocyte divides to produce identical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are effector cells?

<p>Cells that actively fight infections after activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are memory cells?

<p>Cells that respond quickly to future antigen encounters</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)?

<p>Phagocytose pathogens and present antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do dendritic cells do?

<p>APCs that migrate to lymphoid organs after antigen capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can macrophages be found?

<p>APCs found in lymphoid organs and connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do B Lymphocytes do?

<p>Present antigens to T cells for full activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do CD4+ T Cells do?

<p>Activate B cells, T cells, and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Regulatory T Cells (Treg) do?

<p>Inhibit overly aggressive immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHC II)?

<p>Molecules presenting antigen fragments to activate T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define antigen.

<p>Substance that induces an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define lymphocytes.

<p>White blood cells involved in adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define phagocytosis.

<p>Process of engulfing and digesting pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define adaptive immunity.

<p>Specific immune response developed after exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define immune memory.

<p>Long-lasting immunity following initial pathogen exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lymphatic vessels

Vessels that transport lymph and facilitate immune responses throughout the body.

Source of lymph

A fluid derived from interstitial fluid and blood plasma, carrying cells and proteins in the lymphatic system.

Lymph transport mechanisms

Mechanisms such as muscle contraction and one-way valves that facilitate the movement of lymph.

Lymphoid tissue

Tissue composed of lymphocytes and supporting cells, crucial for immune functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diffuse lymphoid tissue

Scattered lymphoid cells without a defined structure, found in various tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Follicular lymphoid tissue

Organized structures with germinal centers for B cells, supporting antibody production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymph nodes

Organs that filter lymph and house immune cells, facilitating immune responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spleen

Organ that filters blood and recycles iron from hemoglobin, also involved in immune responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MALT

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, protects mucosal surfaces from pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thymus

Organ where T lymphocytes mature and differentiate, essential for adaptive immunity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Innate immunity

Non-specific defenses present at birth, providing immediate protection against pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adaptive immunity

Specific defenses involving T and B lymphocytes that develop over time in response to specific pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phagocytes

Cells that engulf and digest pathogens, removing them from the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Natural killer cells

Cells that destroy infected or cancerous cells non-specifically, part of innate immunity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inflammation

Response to injury characterized by redness and swelling, indicating immune activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vasodilation

Widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow, a key component of inflammation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antimicrobial proteins

Proteins that inhibit microbial growth directly, part of the innate immune response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interferons (IFNs)

Proteins that enhance antiviral defenses in cells, signaling to other immune cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Complement cascade

Series of proteins that promote cell lysis, leading to pathogen destruction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute inflammation signs

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain, classic signs of inflammation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Macrophages

Phagocytic cells that clear debris and pathogens, also act as antigen-presenting cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eosinophils

White blood cells involved in combating parasites and allergic reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neutrophils

First responders to sites of infection, abundant phagocytic cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dendritic cells

Antigen-presenting cells that activate T cells, initiating adaptive immune responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

Group of proteins that lyse target cell membranes, part of the complement system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clotting factors

Proteins that aid in blood coagulation, preventing excessive bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Innate Defences

Defenses targeting microbe-associated molecular patterns indicating infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adaptive Defences

Defenses that recognize and destroy specific pathogens initiating response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adaptive Immune Response

A widespread response not limited to the infection site.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Memory Response

The capability to recognize antigens for quicker responses in the future.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Lymphatic System Overview

  • Lymphatic vessels transport lymph and help with immune responses.
  • Lymph originates from interstitial fluid and blood plasma.
  • Muscle contraction and one-way valves facilitate lymph transport.
  • Lymphoid tissue consists of lymphocytes and supporting cells.
  • Diffuse lymphoid tissue features scattered lymphoid cells without defined structures.
  • Follicular lymphoid tissue has organized structures with germinal centers for B cells.
  • Lymph nodes filter lymph and house immune cells.
  • The spleen filters blood and recycles iron from hemoglobin.
  • MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) protects mucosal surfaces.
  • The thymus is where T lymphocytes mature and differentiate.

Immune Response Types

  • Innate immunity includes non-specific defenses present from birth.
  • Adaptive immunity involves specific defenses from T and B lymphocytes.

Cells of the Immune System

  • Phagocytes are cells that engulf and digest pathogens.
  • Natural killer cells destroy infected or cancerous cells non-specifically.
  • Macrophages clear debris and pathogens through phagocytosis.
  • Eosinophils are white blood cells that combat parasites.
  • Neutrophils are the first responders to infection sites.
  • Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that activate T cells after capturing antigens, and then migrate to lymphoid organs.
  • B Lymphocytes present antigens to T cells for full activation.
  • Mast cells release histamine during allergic reactions

Inflammation and Antimicrobial Defenses

  • Inflammation is a response to injury characterized by redness and swelling.
  • Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow.
  • Antimicrobial proteins directly inhibit microbial growth.
  • Interferons (IFNs) enhance antiviral defenses in cells.
  • The complement cascade is a series of proteins that promote cell lysis.
  • Acute inflammation presents as redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
  • Antimicrobial peptides are small proteins that kill microbes

Immune Processes and Recognition

  • Innate defenses target microbe-associated molecular patterns that indicate infection.
  • Adaptive defenses recognize and destroy specific pathogens, initiating a tailored response and is a systemic response not limited to the infection site.
  • Memory response enables recognition of antigens for a faster future response.
  • Clonal selection is when antigen binding selects a lymphocyte for further development, and clonal expansion is when an activated lymphocyte divides to produce identical cells.
  • Effector cells actively fight infections after activation.
  • Memory cells respond quickly to future antigen encounters.

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

  • Cellular immunity involves the direct attack on microbes by T lymphocytes.
  • CD4+ T cells activate B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) inhibit overly aggressive immune responses.
  • CD8+ T cells destroy infected or foreign cells; they are activated by antigens on MHC I molecules.
  • TH1 cells are helper T cells that activate cell-mediated immunity.
  • CD4+ T cells are activated by antigens on MHC II molecules.

Humoral Immunity

  • Humoral immunity involves antibody-mediated protection from B lymphocytes and involves antibodies against antigens.
  • Plasma cells are B cells that secrete antibodies in humoral response.
  • Memory B cells persist for long-term immunity.
  • TH2 cells are helper T cells that stimulate B cell activity.

Key Molecules and Complexes

  • The membrane attack complex (MAC) is a group of proteins that lyse target cell membranes.
  • Clotting factors are proteins that aid in blood coagulation.
  • Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHC II) molecules present antigen fragments to activate T cells and are only found on antigen-presenting cells.
  • Class I MHCs (MHC I) are on all body cells except RBCs.

Immune Response Mechanisms

  • Neutralization: Antibodies block viruses/toxins from causing effects.
  • Opsonization: Antibodies enhance phagocytosis of pathogens.
  • Complement fixation: Binding of complement proteins to antibodies.
  • Antigen-presenting cells display antigens for T cell activation

Memory and Response Times

  • Immunological memory provides the ability to respond faster to previously encountered antigens.
  • The primary immune response is the initial response with a lag time of 3-6 days.
  • The secondary immune response is a faster response upon re-exposure to an antigen.
  • Antibody titre is the concentration of antibodies in the blood.

Core Concepts

  • An antigen is a substance that induces an immune response.
  • A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease.
  • Lymphocytes are white blood cells involved in adaptive immunity.
  • Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and digesting pathogens.
  • Adaptive immunity is a specific immune response developed after exposure.
  • Immune memory creates long-lasting immunity following initial pathogen exposure.
  • Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells to neutralize pathogens.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Overview of the lymphatic system's structure and function in immunity. Includes the roles of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues, and key immune cells that contribute to both innate and adaptive immune responses.

More Like This

Lymphatic System and Immune Response Quiz
10 questions

Lymphatic System and Immune Response Quiz

AffectionateLosAngeles avatar
AffectionateLosAngeles
Lymphatic System Pathway Quiz
10 questions

Lymphatic System Pathway Quiz

LargeCapacityPromethium avatar
LargeCapacityPromethium
Lymphatic System Overview
5 questions

Lymphatic System Overview

StylishYellow352 avatar
StylishYellow352
The Lymphatic System and Immunity
13 questions

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

SimplerColosseum1657 avatar
SimplerColosseum1657
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser