D3.3 - The Lymphatic System and Immunity
29 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of phagocytes in the immune response?

  • To monitor T-cells
  • To engulf and destroy foreign pathogens (correct)
  • To produce antibodies
  • To activate B-cells

    • Which type of cell is NOT a type of phagocyte?

  • Monocyte
  • B-cell (correct)
  • Macrophage
  • Neutrophil

    • What role do Helper T-cells play in the immune system?

  • Recruit B-cells for pathogen identification (correct)
  • Monitor positive immune responses
  • Directly kill infected cells
  • Produce antibodies

    • What do memory B-cells do after an initial infection?

    <p>Display matching antibodies and remain in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of Suppressor T-cells?

    <p>Ensure healthy tissues are not attacked by killer T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason elderly people have a weaker immune system compared to younger individuals?

    <p>Their immune response diminishes with age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ABO system determine?

    <p>The blood type based on red blood cell antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during agglutination?

    <p>Red blood cells clump together due to incompatible mixing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario does a Rh- mother produce antibodies against Rh+ blood?

    <p>When the baby receives Rh factor from the father.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger an allergic reaction in the immune system?

    <p>Harmless foreign particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antihistamines?

    <p>To block the effects of histamines and relieve allergies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is HIV primarily transmitted?

    <p>By sharing bodily fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment might a baby require if it experiences clumping of blood due to Rh incompatibility?

    <p>Blood transfusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>To collect lymph fluid and maintain fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the human defense system identifies and neutralizes pathogens?

    <p>Helper T cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid is collected by the lymphatic system?

    <p>Lymph fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in the lymph nodes?

    <p>To trap and destroy bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of barrier is the skin considered in the immune system?

    <p>Physical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substances stimulate the formation of antibodies?

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes swelling of lymph glands during an infection?

    <p>Increase in macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the first line of defense against pathogens?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of plasma cells in the immune response?

    <p>To produce antibodies that recognize and attach to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antibodies contribute to immune defense?

    <p>By recognizing foreign substances and triggering neutralization or destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the body to launch an immune response during vaccination?

    <p>The detection of deactivated pathogens and their antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Helper T-cells in the immune response to vaccines?

    <p>To recruit B-cells to produce antibodies against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of antibodies remaining in the bloodstream?

    <p>They facilitate the quick destruction of pathogens upon re-exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to antibodies over time after vaccination?

    <p>They tend to break down and may require booster shots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines antibody-mediated immunity?

    <p>Immunity generated by actions of specific defenses using antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might people feel sick after receiving a vaccine?

    <p>Their immune system reacts as if encountering a real threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lymphatic System and Immunity

    • The lymphatic system works with the circulatory system to protect the body from infection
    • The blood, specifically white blood cells, also plays an important role in immunity
    • The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, glands, and nodes spread throughout the body
    • Lymph fluid, similar to blood plasma, is collected by the lymphatic system
    • Lymph helps maintain fluid balance in the body by bathing cells, mixing with general blood circulation.

    Human Defense System

    • The first line of defense is to prevent organisms from entering the body
    • Skin and mucus lining respiratory passages prevent most microbes
    • Stomach acids, oils in skin, and enzymes in tears break down bacteria

    Important Terms

    • Antigen: A protein that stimulates antibody formation
    • Antibody: A protein in blood that reacts with an antigen
    • Pathogen: An organism that causes disease in a host

    The Lymphatic System and Immunity

    • Lymph nodes are where white blood cells mature
    • Lymph nodes also contain macrophages (white blood cells that trap and destroy bacteria)
    • Infections can lead to an increase in macrophages, causing lymph glands to swell.

    Immunity (First Line of Defense)

    • Physical and chemical barriers of the body, including skin, stomach acid, eyelashes, tears, and cilia, protect from foreign invaders.

    Immunity (Second Line of Defense)

    • Involves non-specific white blood cells called phagocytes, that engulf and destroy foreign pathogens in the bloodstream
    • Also referred to as the inflammatory response, often resulting in swelling and fever
    • Three types of phagocytes: monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils
    • Phagocytes destroy harmful pathogens through phagocytosis, a process of engulfment.

    Immunity (Third Line of Defense)

    • Also known as antibody-mediated immunity
    • Lymphocytes (specific white blood cells) target pathogens based on specific markers
    • B-cells and T-cells are types of lymphocytes
    • Antibodies, a type of protein, are produced to help destroy pathogens.

    T-Cells

    • Helper T-cells analyze pathogens after phagocytosis and recruit B-cells.
    • Killer T-cells destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells.
    • Suppressor T-cells monitor killer T-cells, preventing them from harming healthy tissues.

    B-Cells

    • B-cells are recruited to the site of phagocytosis by T-cells
    • B-cells divide into memory B-cells and plasma cells
    • Memory B-cells display antibodies to quickly identify pathogens
    • Plasma cells produce large amounts of antibodies to target specific pathogens.

    Specific Defenses (Antibody-Mediated Immunity)

    • The third line of defense is antibody-mediated immunity
    • Antibodies recognize foreign substances and either neutralize or destroy them
    • Lymphocytes are responsible for this immune response
    • The body distinguishes "self" from "non-self" proteins and molecules

    The Immune Response

    • Phagocytes present pathogen antigens to helper T-cells
    • Helper T-cells activate B-cells, producing antibodies
    • Killer T-cells destroy infected or cancerous cells
    • Suppressor T-cells regulate the immune response

    Antibodies

    • Antibodies are proteins in the bloodstream that recognize antigens
    • They trigger a series of events to neutralize or destroy pathogens
    • Antibodies are specific to different pathogens and are generated after their destruction by white blood cells

    Blood Types

    • Blood transfusion involves transferring blood from one person to another
    • Different blood groups exist due to different red blood cell antigens
    • The ABO system determines blood type based on A, B antigens
    • Agglutination is the clumping of red blood cells due to incompatible blood types.

    Blood Groups - How They Work

    • Blood types are based on antigens and antibodies
    • Blood type A has A antigens and B antibodies
    • Blood type B has B antigens and A antibodies
    • Blood type AB has both A and B antigens and neither A nor B antibodies
    • Blood type O has neither A nor B antigens and both A and B antibodies

    Rhesus (Rh) Factor

    • Rh factor is a second antigen found on red blood cells
    • People can be either Rh+ or Rh-
    • Rh- individuals produce antibodies when exposed to Rh+ blood during transfusions or pregnancy causing problems for Rh+ fetuses during subsequent pregnancies.

    Rhesus Factor and Pregnancy

    • If a Rh- mother carries an Rh+ fetus, antibodies might be produced against the fetal blood cells
    • This can cause problems for the fetus
    • Treatment for this issue often involves a blood transfusion for the child.

    Allergies

    • Allergies occur when the immune system mistakenly recognizes harmless foreign particles as threats
    • This causes an immune response leading to sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes.
    • Antihistamines can alleviate these symptoms by blocking histamine effects.

    Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

    • AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
    • HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids like blood or through unprotected sex
    • HIV specifically targets and kills T-cells, crippling the immune system
    • The virus itself doesn't immediately kill but prevents the immune system from functioning effectively.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    D3.3 - The Lymphatic System and Immunity (Updated 2024) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the lymphatic system and its role in immunity. This quiz covers key concepts, definitions, and functions of the human defense system. Learn about how the body protects itself from infections through the collaboration of the lymphatic and circulatory systems.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser