Lymphatic System and Immune Tissue
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Questions and Answers

What are the different components of the lymphatic system?

  • Lymph nodes
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Lymphatic ducts
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the functional role of primary lymphoid tissue?

  • T-cell maturation (correct)
  • B-cell maturation
  • Both A and B
  • None of the above

The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that is the site of maturation of B-lymphocytes.

False (B)

What is the name of the structure that supports the developing T-cells within the thymus?

<p>Cytoreticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The blood-thymus barrier prevents contact of developing T-cells in the cortex with any foreign antigens circulating in blood.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that houses mostly T cells and is the thymus-dependent zone of a lymph node?

<p>Paracortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the medulla of a lymph node is FALSE?

<p>It houses mostly B cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do lymphocytes exit the lymph node?

<p>Through efferent lymphatic vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphadenitis is a secondary inflammation of the lymph nodes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a localized type of edema that occurs when lymph does not drain from an area of the body properly?

<p>Lymphedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lymph

A clear fluid that travels through lymphatic vessels, transporting excess fluid, waste products, and immune cells.

Chyle

A milky fluid found in lymphatic vessels of the small intestine, rich in fats absorbed from digested food.

Lymphatic System

A network of vessels, tissues, and organs that help maintain fluid balance, filter waste, and transport immune cells.

Lymph Nodes

Small, bean-shaped organs located along lymphatic vessels, filtering lymph and containing immune cells.

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Lymphatic Vessels

Channels that carry lymph throughout the body, connecting lymph nodes and eventually draining into the veins.

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Lymphatic Ducts

Large lymphatic vessels that collect lymph from different regions of the body and empty it into the venous system.

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Thoracic Duct

A large lymphatic duct that collects lymph from the entire body except the upper right quadrant.

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Right Lymphatic Duct

A smaller lymphatic duct that drains lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body.

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Stroma

The supportive framework of a lymphoid organ, composed of connective tissue and reticular fibers.

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Parenchyma

The functional part of a lymphoid organ, containing immune cells.

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Thymus

A primary lymphoid organ where T lymphocytes mature and develop into immunocompetent cells.

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Involution

The process of a tissue or organ decreasing in size and function.

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Thymus Cortex

The outermost region of a thymic lobule, where immature T cells undergo proliferation and maturation.

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Thymus Medulla

The innermost region of a thymic lobule, where mature T cells undergo final selection and differentiation.

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Blood-Thymic Barrier

A specialized barrier in the thymus that prevents developing T cells from encountering foreign antigens.

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Epithelial Reticular Cells

Star-shaped epithelial cells in the thymus that form a network supporting developing T cells.

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Hassall's Corpuscles

Concentric layers of epithelial reticular cells found in the medulla of the thymus.

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Lymphoid Nodules

Oval-shaped structures found in the cortex of lymph nodes, containing B lymphocytes and supporting cells.

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Primary Lymphoid Nodules

Lymphoid nodules that are small and contain mainly small, inactive B lymphocytes.

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Secondary Lymphoid Nodules

Lymphoid nodules that are larger and contain a central area of activated B lymphocytes and supporting cells.

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Paracortex

A region in the lymph node that is rich in T lymphocytes and where T cell immune responses are initiated.

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High Endothelial Venules (HEVs)

Specialized blood vessels in the paracortex of lymph nodes that facilitate the entry of lymphocytes.

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Medulla

The innermost region of a lymph node, containing medullary cords and medullary sinuses.

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Medullary Cords

Clustered groups of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages found in the medulla of lymph nodes.

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Lymphatic Sinusoids

Wide, endothelium-lined spaces in lymph nodes that allow lymph to flow through and interact with immune cells.

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Lymphangitis

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels, often characterized by red streaks on the skin.

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Lymphadenitis

Inflammation of lymph nodes, often caused by infection or other inflammatory processes.

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Lymphedema

A condition where fluid accumulates in tissues due to impaired lymphatic drainage.

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Lymphogenous Spread

The spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic system to other parts of the body.

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Septicemia

A serious systemic infection characterized by bacteria in the bloodstream.

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Study Notes

Lymphatic System

  • The lymphatic system is composed of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic ducts.
  • It collects excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the circulatory system.
  • Lymph is the clear, colorless fluid found in most lymphatic vessels. Chyle is milky lymph, containing fats from the small intestine.
  • Lymphatic vessels are absent in the brain, bone marrow, and avascular tissues (like epithelia and cartilage).
  • Lymphatic flow is unidirectional and maintained via valves within the vessels.

Specialized Immune Tissue

  • Lymphoid organs are composed of two major parts:
    • Stroma: supportive connective tissue framework (capsule and trabeculae, fine reticular fibers).
    • Parenchyma: functional cellular component (outer cortex, inner medulla, etc.)

The Thymus

  • A primary lymphoid organ where T lymphocytes mature.
  • The thymus begins to involute, or shrink, after puberty.
  • It continues to function into adulthood.
  • The thymus is composed of a cortex and a medulla; septa divide the lobes into incomplete lobules.
  • Hassall's corpuscles are a characteristic feature of the medulla, increasing in number with age.

Lymph Nodes

  • Small, oval, encapsulated structures along lymphatic vessels.
  • They have a convex outer surface and a concave hilum (containing efferent and afferent lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels).
  • Divided into three zones: cortex, paracortex, and medulla (containing primary and secondary nodules, B and T lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells).

Functions of Lymph Nodes

  • Filtration of lymph
  • Antigen recognition
  • Humoral immune response (antibody production by plasma cells)
  • Cell-mediated immune response (T-cell activity)

Clinical Correlations

  • Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis are inflammations of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, respectively, often resulting from infection.
  • Lymphedema occurs when lymph flow is obstructed, leading to fluid buildup.
  • Cancerous lymph nodes can be surgically removed, potentially leading to secondary lymphedema.

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Related Documents

Macro/Microstructure of Specialized Immune Tissue PDF

Description

Explore the components and functions of the lymphatic system, including lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs, and the thymus. This quiz covers how these elements contribute to the body's immune response and fluid balance. Test your knowledge on lymph fluid, tissue structures, and the maturation of T lymphocytes.

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