Lecture Exam Pt 1 and 2

Whether the lymphatic system is involved in circulation, immunity and nutrient absorption?

Whether red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system?

Whether lymph originates in blood capillaries that pick-up tissue fluid?

The amount (percentage) of fluid that lymphatic vessels recover of the fluid filtered by capillaries

Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in what substance?

The four forces/factors that help lymph flow?

The WBC type that standing guard against parasites and allergens?

Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by what blood vessel?

The main bronchus that is about 5cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side?

What is the anatomical name for the area of the left lung where the heart makes an indentation?

Which of the following cartilages is the largest of the larynx cartilages?

The law that deals with the relationship between the total pressure of a gas mixture and the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases

The factor that has the greatest influence on the resistance to pulmonary airflow?

Which term refers to the resistance of the lungs to expansion?

What term describes the volume of air, beyond tidal volume, that can be inhaled with maximum effort?

What air volumes are required to calculate vital capacity?

Name 3 forms of CO2 transport and indicate whether it is transported by means of: a. carbonic acid b. carbonate

Where do T cells primarily develop immunocompetence?

The lymph organ that shows a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age?

Whether the immune system spans nearly every organ and tissue in the human body?

Name the components of the second line of defense, and indicate whether gastric juice is one of them?

The name of the cell that secretes perforins, which bore holes in the enemy cell membrane?

What is anatomical name of the voice box?

What is the primary function of cartilage rings in the trachea?

A family of substances secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected?

What is the primary effect of a pyrogen in the body?

The type/component of immunity that deals with: a. Intracellular viruses b. Extracellular viruses

What type of immunity is conferred through vaccination?

What type of immunity is provided by giving serum in emergency treatment of snakebites?

Whether naive T cells can synthesize antibodies?

The type of ion generated in RBCs by the addition of CO2 to blood, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen?

Which gas is found in the highest concentration in the air we breathe?

What is the maximum number of oxygen molecules each hemoglobin molecule can transport?

The percentage of oxygen the blood gives up in one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries?

The blood transports more Co2 in one form more than any other form, name it?

Whether erythrocytes consume any of the oxygen they are transporting?

The most numerous cells in the lungs?

The dietary class/nutrient is absorbed by special lymphatic vessels, called lacteals, instead of being absorbed by blood capillaries?

The largest of the lymphatic vessels, and the vessel they empty their lymph into?

The type of cells nonspecifically detects and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells during the process of immune surveillance?

Whether macrophages are an example of lymphatic tissue?

Which of the following lymphatic organs have afferent lymphatic vessels?

Whether mucous membranes prevent most pathogens from entering the body due to the stickiness of the mucus and the presence of lysozymes?

What type of immunity is associated with: a. Lack of the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in the future. b. Utilization of memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and ward it off more easily in the future.

The term used to describe a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue?

The cells of the respiratory tract that produce mucus for cleansing inhaled air?

Is the maximum amount of air the lungs can contain defined as inspiratory capacity?

Does the rate of oxygen diffusion get affected by the pressure gradient of carbon dioxide?

Does gas transport refer to the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa?

The name of the air in the conducting zone that is not available for gas exchange upon inspiration?

The law states that the total atmospheric pressure is a sum of the contributions of the individual gases?

Whether air enter the alveoli next after entering the terminal bronchioles?

The expansion of the lungs during inspiration generates a pressure gradient causing air to flow into the lungs. Is this an example of Boyle's Law?

The part of the pharynx functions only as an air passageway?

The alveolar cells produce surfactant?

The type of immunity is attained by giving a critically corona-sick patient an anti-serum from a corona-recovered person?

The type of immunity is attained by a newly born baby receiving antibodies from the mother's milk?

Antigen presentation involves the display of an antigen on what part of a targeted cell to what type of immune cell?

Whether erythrocytes antigen-presenting cells?

Whether B-lymphocytes bind directly with an antigen, or do they require presentation by another type of cell?

Whether dendritic cells serve as antigen-presenting cells?

The class of major histocompatibility molecules is specific to antigen-presenting cells?

Whether alveoli part of the conducting zone?

Whether mucous secretions of the respiratory tract include antimicrobial substances such as lysozyme and defensins?

How many alar cartilages are there in the nose?

From the following list of bones, select the one that does not contain a paranasal sinus.