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Questions and Answers
What is a contraindicated measure during the treatment of epistaxis?
What is a contraindicated measure during the treatment of epistaxis?
Which of the following is a general cause of epistaxis?
Which of the following is a general cause of epistaxis?
What is a measure of curative and preventive treatment for epistaxis?
What is a measure of curative and preventive treatment for epistaxis?
What is a type of fracture that does not require a major blow?
What is a type of fracture that does not require a major blow?
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What is a common cause of epistaxis?
What is a common cause of epistaxis?
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What is an immediate measure of action during treatment of epistaxis?
What is an immediate measure of action during treatment of epistaxis?
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What is a condition that may cause epistaxis?
What is a condition that may cause epistaxis?
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What is a measure of curative and preventive treatment for epistaxis that may be used when immediate treatment fails?
What is a measure of curative and preventive treatment for epistaxis that may be used when immediate treatment fails?
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What is the initial treatment for epistaxis?
What is the initial treatment for epistaxis?
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What is a general cause of epistaxis?
What is a general cause of epistaxis?
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What is a local cause of epistaxis?
What is a local cause of epistaxis?
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What is a preventive measure for epistaxis?
What is a preventive measure for epistaxis?
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What is a complication of septal hematoma?
What is a complication of septal hematoma?
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What is a curative treatment for epistaxis?
What is a curative treatment for epistaxis?
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What is an immediate treatment for epistaxis?
What is an immediate treatment for epistaxis?
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What is a general cause of epistaxis related to the blood?
What is a general cause of epistaxis related to the blood?
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What is the average capacity of the frontal sinus in an adult?
What is the average capacity of the frontal sinus in an adult?
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At what age does the sphenoid sinus begin to develop?
At what age does the sphenoid sinus begin to develop?
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What percentage of subjects may have absent sphenoid sinus?
What percentage of subjects may have absent sphenoid sinus?
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What is a local cause of epistaxis?
What is a local cause of epistaxis?
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What is not a local cause of epistaxis?
What is not a local cause of epistaxis?
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What is a condition of the blood that can cause epistaxis?
What is a condition of the blood that can cause epistaxis?
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What separates the orbit from the ethmoidal sinuses?
What separates the orbit from the ethmoidal sinuses?
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What is the shape of the frontal sinus?
What is the shape of the frontal sinus?
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Study Notes
Nasal Anatomy and Epistaxis
- The nasal cavity consists of two parts: anterior and posterior.
- The anterior part drains to retropharyngeal lymph nodes, jugular lymph nodes, and submandibular lymph nodes.
- The posterior part drains to lymph nodes from the posterior part of nasal fossae and nasopharynx.
Epistaxis Causes
- Local causes of epistaxis include:
- Leukemia
- Idiopathic
- Acute infections
- Endocrine causes
- Traumatic
- Hemophilia
- Environmental
- Inflammatory
- Hypertension
- Neoplastic
- General causes of epistaxis include:
- Acute infections
- Traumatic
- Uremia
- Hemophilia
- Neoplastic
- Idiopathic
- Environmental
- Inflammatory
- Endocrine causes
- Leukemia
Epistaxis Treatment
- Immediate treatment:
- Anterior nasal packing
- Embolization
- Blood transfusion
- Ice or cold pack applied to the bridge of the nose
- Pressure on the nostril
- Curative and preventive measures:
- Vitamin C and K
- Cauterization of the bleeding point
- Sedation
- Packing of the postnasal space
- Arterial ligatures
Complications of Hematoma of Septum
- Cartilage necrosis
- Neoplasm
- Perforation of septum
- Septal abscess
- Saddle nose
- Septal thickening
- Meningitis
- Endocrinal complications
- High altitudes with lower pressure
Ethmoid Sinus
- Consists of 6-10 thin-walled, air-containing cavities within the lateral masses of ethmoid bones.
- Related to the inferior wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth.
- Separated from the orbit by the lamina papirracea.
Frontal Sinus
- Has a pyramidal shape.
- May be absent in 4% of subjects.
- Average capacity is about 7ml in adults.
- Right and left sinuses are often asymmetrical.
- Is an upward extension of an anterior ethmoidal cell.
- Separated by a thin bony septum.
Sphenoidal Sinus
- Occupies the body of the sphenoid bone.
- Average capacity is about 3ml in adults.
- May be absent in 15% of subjects.
- Begins to develop after 6 years of age.
- Lies behind the upper part of the nasal fossa.
- Is not always present at birth.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and drainage of the nasal fossae and nasopharynx, including the anterior and posterior parts.
