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Questions and Answers
______ are activated by costimulatory molecules and cytokines in the process of T cell activation
T cells
Effector T cells enter circulation and traffic to sites of infection in ______ tissues
peripheral
CCL21 is expressed by high endothelial venules and stromal cells of lymphoid tissues and binds to _____ on naïve T cells
CCR7
Naïve T cells encounter antigen during their recirculation through ______ nodes
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T cells that encounter cognate antigen become activated to proliferate into ______ cells
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B7-expressing dendritic cells stimulate ______ T cells
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Effector CD4+ T cell recognizes antigen on the APC and is triggered to induce increased levels of co-stimulatory activity on the APC: increased ______ and expression of 4-IBBL
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4IBBL ligates 4-IBB (CD137) on CD8+ T cell – this enhances activation of CTL. The CD4+ T cell also produces ______ that drives proliferation of CD8+ T cells
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TCR ligation with MHC/peptide complex in absence of CD28/B7 co-stimulation induces ______: a state of unresponsiveness that is irreversible
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Binding of B7 to CTLA-4 inhibits T cell function. Contraction and re-establishment of homeostasis is regulated by ______
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Most CD8+ T cell responses require help from ______ T cells
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CD8+ T cells recognizing antigen on weakly costimulatory cells may become activated only in the presence of CD4+ T cells interacting with the same APC. APC stimulates effector CD4+ T cell to induce expression of ______ and IL-2
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Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies block CTLA-4 binding and prevent inhibition of T cell function. Co-stimulation is not required for recognition of antigen at infection site. Development and function of ______ T cells.
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TH2 cytokines inhibit classical macrophage activation and stimulate the alternative pathway of macrophage activation. Development and function of ______ T cells.
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In the presence of IL-6, CD4+ T cells differentiate into T FH cells that help B cells in the germinal centre reaction. Polarised cytokine responses in disease pathogenesis: example of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. Decline of immune response. Once immune response is over, system must return to steady state – ______.
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CD4+ T cells differentiate into T FH cells that help B cells in the germinal centre reaction. Polarised cytokine responses in disease pathogenesis: example of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. Decline of immune response. Once infection is cleared, cells are deprived of stimuli and survival signals. Cells die of ______.
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Once infection is cleared, cells are deprived of stimuli and survival signals. Cells die of apoptosis. Response subsides within 1-2 weeks after infection is eradicated. ______ of memory cells remains.
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Follicular helper T cells and the differentiation program of B lymphocytes. In the presence of IL-6, CD4+ T cells differentiate into T FH cells that help B cells in the germinal centre reaction. Polarised cytokine responses in disease pathogenesis: example of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. Decline of immune response. Once immune response is over, system must return to steady state – homeostasis. Once infection is cleared, cells are deprived of stimuli and survival signals. Cells die of apoptosis. Response subsides within 1-2 weeks after infection is eradicated. Pool of ______ cells remains.
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