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Questions and Answers

Which plane divides the body into unequal left and right halves?

Coronal

Parasagittal (correct)

Transverse

Sagittal

What term describes a structure that is closer to the head?

Medial

Inferior

Superior (correct)

Distal

In standard MRI scans, the patient is typically positioned in which manner?

Lying on their back (correct)

Sitting down

Lying on their side

Standing upright

Which of the following prefixes means 'slow'?

Brady Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lateral' refer to in anatomical directions?

Towards the outside of the body Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what does ' distal' mean?

Far away from the point of attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical position characterized by?

Standing upright with head level and upper limbs at side Signup and view all the answers

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Frontal (Coronal) Plane Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a position closer to the midline of the body?

Medial Signup and view all the answers

In which organizational level do tissues fall?

Organ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes supine position?

Lying on the back with face up Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of oblique planes?

They divide the body at angles other than standard anatomical planes. Signup and view all the answers

Which directional term indicates a position further away from the point of attachment?

Distal Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about anatomical terminology is correct?

It must be universally agreed upon by the healthcare team. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for movements that bring a limb closer to the front of the body?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs correctly describes relative anatomical positions?

Knee is proximal to the ankle Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'visceral' refer to in anatomy?

Organs Signup and view all the answers

Which region is located in the center between the right and left lungs?

Mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the area of the body containing organs that move, pushed into potential spaces?

Body cavities Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct description of the abdominal areas?

Nine abdominal regions are used for more precise localization Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy refers to the structure of the body, derived from the Greek phrase meaning "to take apart."
Physiology explores the function of the body's systems and processes, meaning "study of natural phenomena."
Principle: Form follows function; specific shapes are designed to accomplish particular tasks.

Anatomical Positions

Anatomical Position: Individual faces the observer with head level, lower limbs parallel, upper limbs at sides, and palms facing forward.
Prone Position: Individual lies flat face down, back facing upwards.
Supine Position: Individual lies flat face up, back facing the ground.

Sectional Planes

Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right sections; midsagittal for equal parts, parasagittal for unequal parts.
Frontal (Coronal) Plane: Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.
Oblique Plane: Cuts the body along a diagonal, different from the standard planes.

Directional Terms

Superior/Cephalic/Cranial: Toward the head.
Inferior/Caudal: Toward the feet.
Anterior/Ventral: At or near the front.
Posterior/Dorsal: At or near the back.
Medial: Near the midline of the body.
Lateral: Near the side.
Superficial/External: Toward the surface.
Deep/Internal: Away from the surface.
Proximal: Nearer to the attachment point of a limb.
Distal: Further from the attachment point of a limb.

Anatomical Terminology

Essential for effective communication among healthcare professionals.
Levels of Organization:
- Molecular: Chemical structures.
- Cellular: Made of molecules.
- Tissue: Composed of cells (types: epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective).
- Organ: Comprises tissues.
- System: Made up of organs.
- Organism: All body systems together.

Origins of Anatomical Terms

Derived from Greek, Latin, and English.
Reflect body regions (e.g., femur = thigh), shapes (e.g., foramen magnum), functions (e.g., flexor digitorum), and discoverers (e.g., vein of Galen).

Planes and Directions

Coronal Plane: Also called frontal.
Sagittal Plane: Longitudinal section.
Transverse Plane: Cross-sectional view.
Key imaging views standard during MRI and CT scans consider patient positioning.
Body Directions:
- Proximal: Closer to point of attachment; knee is proximal to ankle.
- Distal: Further from point of attachment; ankle is distal to knee.
- Deep: Internal structures, buried within.
- Superficial: Near the body's surface.
- Parietal: Relates to body walls.
- Visceral: Pertains to organs.

Movements

Palms face forward in the anatomical position.
Flexion: Moving a body part forward (anterior).
Extension: Moving a body part backward (posterior).

Body Cavities

Serve as surface anatomy references for deep organs.
Thoracic Landmarks: Include ribs, lungs, and mediastinum (area containing the heart and trachea).
Abdominal Quadrants: Include right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower.
Nine Abdominal Regions: Further subdivides abdomen for anatomical clarity.
Body cavities are potential spaces; organs reside in their respective locations, not within cavities.
Viscera: Refers to organs inside the cavities.
Parietal: Relates to the body wall surrounding the cavities.