Lungs, Asthma, Pneumonia, and COPD

• Lungs help breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, like balloons filling when inhaling and releasing when exhaling.
• Lungs have tiny air sacs (alveoli) that help move oxygen into the blood.
• Mucus or fluid in the air sacs makes it hard to breathe.

Asthma

• Airways become small and tight, making it hard to breathe.
• Signs include coughing, wheezing (whistling sound), and feeling out of breath.
• Causes: Dust, pollen, cold air, exercise, or stress.
• Treatment: Inhalers open airways.

Pneumonia

• Germs (bacteria or viruses) infect the lungs
• Lungs fill with yucky fluid instead of air.
• Signs: Fever, cough with yellow or bloody mucus, and trouble breathing.
• Treatment: Rest, lots of water, and sometimes antibiotics.

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

• Lungs are damaged, usually from smoking making it hard to breathe out air.
• Emphysema ("Pink Puffer"): Lungs lose their stretchiness.
• Chronic Bronchitis ("Blue Bloater"): Lungs make too much mucus.
• Signs of COPD include cough, tiredness, and wheezing.
• Treatment- Stop smoking, oxygen therapy, and medicine

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous infection that attacks the lungs.
• Signs: Coughing for weeks, fever, weight loss, and night sweats.
• Spread by: Breathing in germs from sick people.
• Treatment: Special antibiotics for 6-12 months.

Sleep Apnea

• Breathing stops for a few seconds while sleeping.
• Signs: Snoring and feeling super tired in the morning.
• Causes: Being overweight, big tonsils, or weak throat muscles.
• Treatment: CPAP machine blows air into the throat to keep it open.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

• A blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs needing fast treatment.
• Signs: Sudden chest pain, trouble breathing, and coughing blood.
• Treatment: Blood thinners stop clots.

What to do

• Don't smoke – It damages lungs.
• Drink water – It keeps mucus thin.
• Wash hands – Avoid germs.
• Breathe fresh air – Stay away from pollution.
• Exercise - Keep lungs strong!

This lesson explores the function of the lungs and common respiratory diseases. It covers how lungs facilitate oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion, along with conditions like asthma, pneumonia, and COPD. It highlights symptoms, causes, and treatments for each condition.