Lung Volumes and Capacities
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal clinical range of tidal volume?

  • 2000-3500 mls
  • 300-650 mls (correct)
  • 100-300 mls
  • 750-1200 mls

    • What is the volume that can be inhaled maximally above tidal volume?

  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Vital capacity
  • Inspiratory reserve volume (correct)
  • Total lung capacity

    • What is the normal adult range of expiratory reserve volume?

  • 1000-4000 mls
  • 750-3000 mls (correct)
  • 300-650 mls
  • 2000-7000 mls

    • What is the formula to calculate vital capacity?

    <p>IRV + ERV + TV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do normal values of lung volumes vary widely between individuals?

    <p>Due to differences in athletic training and health conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flushing the spirometer with fresh room air between each set of measurements?

    <p>To ensure accurate measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the device used to measure peak flow rate?

    <p>Peak flow meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of following safety precautions during lung function tests?

    <p>To ensure safety of the operator and patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time allowed for each set of measurements?

    <p>Less than 3 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to refill the spirometer with fresh room air after each use?

    <p>To prevent a large drop in oxygen tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the subject shows signs of distress during the experiment?

    <p>Disconnect them and allow them to breathe from the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the subject observer during the experiment?

    <p>To monitor the subject for signs of distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a nose-clip during the experiment?

    <p>To prevent the subject from breathing through their nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must the spirometer be freshly filled before connecting the subject?

    <p>To prevent a large drop in oxygen tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of people required to conduct the experiment?

    <p>4 people, including the subject, observer, computer operator, and spirometer flusher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having someone to flush the spirometer with fresh room air?

    <p>To prevent a large drop in oxygen tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors significantly affect a person's FVC?

    <p>Age, sex, and height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of FER in healthy individuals?

    <p>70-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive airways disease?

    <p>Vital capacity takes longer to achieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)?

    <p>To prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of FVC in a healthy individual?

    <p>3-7 litres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criterion for obstructive airways disease?

    <p>FEV1/FVC% &lt; 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for using a peak flow meter?

    <p>To monitor lung function in patients with respiratory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of using short-acting beta-agonists more than twice a week?

    <p>Sign of poorly controlled asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of salbutamol in the body?

    <p>To relax the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking LABAs on a daily basis?

    <p>To relax the muscles lining the airways and make breathing easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of restrictive airways disease?

    <p>Replacement of elastic tissue with fibrous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the inhaler that uses a soft mist?

    <p>Respimat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the combination medication that contains formoterol and budesonide?

    <p>Symbicort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combining LABAs with corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

    <p>To increase the effectiveness of LABAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in liters?

    <p>3-7 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of FVC is FEV1 usually between?

    <p>70-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculation to find the Forced Expiratory Ratio (FER)?

    <p>FER = (FEV1/FVC) * 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of a FER value less than 70%?

    <p>It may indicate a lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) 0.2-1.2 measured?

    <p>Using a special protractor on the vitalograph trace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a peak flow meter?

    <p>To replace FEF analysis in many ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure to use a peak flow meter?

    <p>Zero the pointer, put a clean mouthpiece on the tube, take a big breath, and then blow into the mouthpiece as hard and as fast as you can</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of obtaining three readings for each subject using a peak flow meter?

    <p>To get an average reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lung Volume

    • A volume is a measurable quantity of gas expired from the lungs, while a capacity is composed of a number of volumes added together.
    • Measuring volumes and capacities is part of lung function tests, which can give important clinical and experimental information.

    Tidal Volume (TV)

    • The amount of gas passing in or out of the lungs with each normal breath.
    • Normal clinical range: 300-650 ml.

    Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

    • The amount of gas that can be inhaled maximally above tidal volume.
    • Normal adult range: 1000-4000 ml.

    Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

    • The volume that is maximally exhaled from the lungs after a tidal volume.
    • Normal adult range: 750-3000 ml.

    Vital Capacity (VC)

    • The amount of gas that can be moved in/out the lungs between maximal inspiration and maximal expiration.
    • Normal adult range: 2000-7000 ml.
    • VC = IRV + ERV + TV

    Factors Affecting Lung Volume

    • Normal values vary widely between individuals and are affected by conditions such as athletic training, pregnancy, and respiratory diseases.
    • Actual values depend heavily on body size and sex.

    Equipment for Measuring Lung Volume

    • Spirometer
    • Peak flow meter
    • Vitalograph

    Safety Precautions

    • Ensure the spirometer is flushed with fresh room air between each set of measurements.
    • Each set of measurements should be less than 3 minutes.
    • A fresh, clean mouthpiece must be used for each subject being tested.
    • The spirometer must be refilled with fresh room air after a subject has used it.
    • Someone must time measurements and watch the subject for signs of distress.

    Vitalograph Analysis

    • Forced Vital Capacity (FVC): the volume of air expired from the lungs during a forced expiration.
    • Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1): the volume of air expired in the first second of a forced expiration.
    • Forced Expiratory Ratio (FER): the percentage of FVC expired in the first second of a forced expiration.
    • Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF 0.2-1.2): the average rate at which the first liter of air leaves the lungs during a forced expiration.

    Peak Flow Meter Procedure

    • Zero the pointer.
    • Put a clean mouthpiece on the tube.
    • Take a big breath, and then blow into the mouthpiece as hard and as fast as you can.
    • Obtain 3 readings for each subject and take the average.

    Respiratory Diseases

    • Obstructive airways disease: characterized by a forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC%) of less than 70%.
    • Restrictive airways disease: characterized by poor distensibility and a decrease in vital capacity.

    Treatment for Respiratory Diseases

    • Bet a2-agonists (bronchodilators) for quick relief of asthma symptoms.
    • Inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma management.
    • Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for daily use to relax muscles lining the airways.
    • Combinations of LABAs and corticosteroids for asthma treatment.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the definitions and measurements of lung volumes and capacities, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and more. It's an essential part of lung function tests that provide crucial clinical and experimental information.

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