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Which of the following histological types is the MOST common in non-small cell lung cancer?

A patient presents with a hoarse voice and a chest X-ray reveals a mass in the mediastinum. Which of the following mechanisms is the MOST likely cause of the hoarseness?

Which of the following paraneoplastic syndromes is MOST likely associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung?

A patient with small cell lung cancer develops muscle weakness that improves with muscle use. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause?

A patient with facial swelling, shortness of breath, and distended neck veins MOST likely has which of the following complications of lung cancer?

What is the FIRST-LINE treatment offered to patients with non-small cell lung cancer if the disease is isolated to a single area?

Which of the following imaging techniques is BEST for identifying areas of metastasis in lung cancer due to its ability to visualize metabolically active tissues?

A patient presents with pneumonia-like symptoms after returning from a holiday where they stayed in a hotel with a contaminated water supply. Which organism is MOST likely responsible?

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial antibiotic treatment for a patient with mild community-acquired pneumonia?

Which of the following findings on a chest examination is MOST indicative of pneumonia?

A patient with a history of asbestos exposure is MOST at risk of developing which type of lung malignancy?

A farmer develops a flu-like illness and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. Which organism is the MOST likely cause?

Which of the following interventions is MOST important to consider in a patient with poorly controlled HIV and a low CD4 count who presents with a dry cough and shortness of breath?

According to NICE guidelines, what is the FIRST-LINE investigation in suspected asthma?

A patient's FEV1/FVC ratio is greater than 75% and both FEV1 and FVC are reduced. This pattern is MOST indicative of which type of lung disease?

Which of the following medications is MOST commonly used as a reliever or rescue medication during acute asthma exacerbations?

A patient has a peak flow of 200 L/min, and their predicted peak flow is 400 L/min. What percentage of their BEST predicted peak flow are they currently achieving?

A patient is prescribed theophylline. What monitoring is required?

What is the MOST appropriate next step for a patient with asthma who is using a short-acting beta 2 agonist inhaler and a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid but remains symptomatic?

What is the MOST common cause of community acquired penumonia?

What is the MOST appropriate course of antibiotics for moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia?

What CURB-65 score suggests intensive care assessment?

What are the features of Horner's syndrome?

What antibodies are associated with the paraneoplastic syndrome, Limbic Encephalitis?

What peak flow percentage indicates severe acute asthma?

Which of the following is NOT a typical trigger for asthma?

A patient presents with pneumonia symptoms and erythema multiforme. Which organism is MOST likely responsible?

Apart from pneumonia, what other condition does haemoptysis occur in?

What does the 'R' stand for in the CURB-65 scoring system?

If FEV1 and FVC are equally reduced, with a normal or raised FEV1:FVC ratio > 75%. This suggests...

A patient presents with facial congestion and cyanosis when raising their hands over their head. What is this sign known as?

The use of accessory muscles, rapid respiratory rate, and symmetrical expiratory wheezing

Which investigation is the FIRST-LINE investigation in suspected lung cancer?

Which of the following can be used as part of palliative treatment to relieve bronchial obstruction caused by lung cancer?

A patient is wheezing but investigations are normal and they respond well to treatment. What is the most likely diagnosis?

What result from a CRB-65 scoring system indicates NICE suggest considering referring patients to hospital?

Apart from lung disease, in which other condition are lung function tests particularly helpful?

What are the two key treatments for the long term management of asthma?

Which pneumonia organisms won't respond to pennicillins

A patient with a history of smoking presents with shoulder pain and Horner's syndrome. Which of the following locations is the MOST likely site of the tumor causing these symptoms?

A patient diagnosed with small cell lung cancer develops hyponatremia. Which of the following is the MOST likely underlying mechanism?

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial imaging modality for a patient suspected of having lung cancer, based on their presenting symptoms?

A patient with non-small cell lung cancer undergoes surgical resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy is being considered. What is the PRIMARY goal of adjuvant chemotherapy in this scenario?

Which of the following pathological changes is MOST characteristic of obstructive lung diseases like asthma and COPD?

A patient's spirometry results show a normal FEV1/FVC ratio but reduced FVC. Which of the following BEST describes the underlying pathophysiology?

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action for a patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation with a peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of 40% of their personal best?

A patient with asthma is using a short-acting beta2-agonist as needed and a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid daily, but continues to experience symptoms. According to NICE guidelines, what is the MOST appropriate next step in managing this patient's asthma?

A patient has been prescribed theophylline for asthma management. Which of the following monitoring procedures is MOST important to ensure patient safety?

A patient presents with a productive cough, fever, and pleuritic chest pain. Auscultation reveals bronchial breath sounds and coarse crackles in the right lower lobe. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). According to the CURB-65 scoring system, which of the following factors is included in the assessment?

A patient is being treated for pneumonia and develops a pleural effusion. Which of the following is the MOST concerning complication associated with a pleural effusion in this setting?

A patient with a history of heavy smoking is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is MOST likely associated with this type of lung cancer?

A patient with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) presents with proximal muscle weakness that improves with repeated muscle use. This presentation is MOST suggestive of which paraneoplastic syndrome?

A patient presents with a dry cough, shortness of breath, and a history of working in a job that involved exposure to asbestos. Which of the following conditions should be HIGHLY suspected?

In the management of asthma, which medication is used as a 'reliever' to provide immediate relief during acute bronchoconstriction?

A patient with a history of asthma presents to the emergency department with acute respiratory distress. Which of the following clinical signs would be MOST indicative of severe asthma?

A patient presents with pneumonia and is suspected of having Legionella infection. Which of the following findings would STRONGLY support this diagnosis?

A patient with pneumonia has a CRB-65 score of 2. According to NICE guidelines, what is the MOST appropriate next step in management?

Which of the following antibiotic classes is typically recommended for treating atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A patient presents with a new diagnosis of pneumonia and is found to have a low CD4 count due to poorly controlled HIV. Which opportunistic infection is MOST likely?

A patient with known asthma has been using a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) frequently, more than twice a week. What does this suggest about their asthma control?

What is the expected FEV1/FVC ratio in a patient diagnosed with restrictive lung disease?

A patient is suspected of having asthma. According to NICE guidelines, what is the first-line investigation to confirm the diagnosis?

After starting treatment for pneumonia a patient's CRP levels spike higher a day or two later despite the patient clinically improving on treatment. What is the MOST likely explanation for this?

Which of the following factors is MOST suggestive of asthma rather than another respiratory condition?

According to BTS/SIGN guidelines regarding diagnosing Asthma, what action should a clinician take if they highly suspect a diagnosis of Asthma clinically?

Which of the following suggests a pneumonia diagnosis other than an infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

What does the 'B' stand for when using the CRB-65 scoring system on a patient?

Which of the following bacteria most commonly presents itself in patients with both pneumonia and cystic fibrosis?

For pneumonia patients treated in the community with a CRB score of 0 or 1, what investigation should be considered?

Which of the following is most likely to cause pneumonia in a patient with a new parrot?

What flow rate indicates severe asthma?

What other condition can lung function tests assist with?

Which of the following combinations of medications is MOST likely to be found in a Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (MART) inhaler?

Which of the following is NOT a restrictive lung disease?

A patient is being assessed using a peak flow meter. Which of the following instructions would be MOST appropriate to ensure an accurate reading?

Which of the following is the MOST common symptom of pneumonia?

A patient with a history of asbestos exposure presents with shortness of breath and chest pain. While mesothelioma is suspected, which initial imaging finding would be MOST indicative of this specific malignancy rather than other lung conditions?

A patient with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) develops SIADH. Which of the following mechanisms BEST explains the underlying cause of hyponatremia in this patient?

A patient presents with new onset ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis on the right side of their face, along with right shoulder pain. Given the likely diagnosis, where is the MOST probable location of the tumor?

A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and has a CURB-65 score of 3. What is the MOST appropriate management strategy for this patient, according to guidelines?

Following initial investigations, a patient is suspected to have asthma. According to NICE guidelines, which of the following is the MOST appropriate FIRST-LINE investigation to confirm the diagnosis?

A patient with asthma is prescribed a Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (MART) inhaler. Which of the following BEST describes the components and usage of a MART inhaler?

A patient with a history of well-controlled asthma presents to the emergency department with acute respiratory distress. Which of the following clinical signs would be MOST indicative of a severe asthma exacerbation?

A patient presents with a dry cough, shortness of breath and night sweats. They have a history of poorly controlled HIV. Which of the following is the MOST likely causative organism for their pneumonia?

A patient with a history of smoking develops hypercalcemia. What type of lung cancer is MOST likely?

A patient’s spirometry results show an FEV1/FVC ratio of 85% and reduced FVC. What does this suggest?

A patient with a history of asthma presents with cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath. They use their short-acting beta2-agonist inhaler more than twice a week. What does this indicate regarding their asthma control?

A farmer presents with a flu-like illness and is subsequently diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. Which organism is MOST likely responsible?

A patient presents with a pneumonia and a rash characterised by varying sized 'target lesions' formed by pink rings with pale centres. What organism is MOST likely responsible?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the action of theophylline in the long-term management of asthma?

A patient has been diagnosed with pneumonia. Their inflammatory markers spike higher a day or two later after treatment despite them improving clinically. What is the MOST likely explanation for this?

A patient with pneumonia deteriorates and develops a pleural effusion. Which complication is MOST concerning?

A patient with suspected pneumonia has a CRB-65 score of 1. According to NICE guidelines, what is the MOST appropriate action for this patient?

A patient presents with signs and symptoms suggestive of pneumonia. Which of the following findings on chest examination is MOST indicative of pneumonia?

A patient is commenced on Theophylline for asthma management. Which regular monitoring is required?

What percentage of lung cancers are estimated to be preventable?

Which of the following is the MOST common presenting symptom of pneumonia?

A patient with asthma has an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 75%. What does this suggest?

Which of the following signs and symptoms are associated with superior vena cava obstruction?

A patient has been exposed to asbestos. Which malignancy is MOST associated with this?

What is the MOST significant risk factor for lung cancer?

Which of the following findings on a chest X-ray MOST strongly suggests lung cancer?

A patient with suspected pneumonia has a CRB-65 score of 1. Which of the following factors contribute to the patients score?

What is the typical treatment for small cell lung cancer?

What is the definition of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A patient presents with a productive cough, fever and pleuritic chest pain. On examination, you note bronchial breath sounds and coarse crackles on the right side of their chest. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Which of the following underlying mechanisms is MOST likely for the development of Cushing’s syndrome in a patient with small cell lung cancer?

A patient has been diagnosed with restrictive lung disease. What test can be used to establish objective measures of lung function?

In suspected lung cancer, what is the purpose of using contrast enhancement during a CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis?

What is the MOST appropriate treatment for mild community acquired pneumonia?

Which of the following is MOST likely to be found in a Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (MART) inhaler?

A patient with a history of asthma presents with progressively worsening shortness of breath, a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute and is using accessory muscles. Peak flow is 40% of their predicted best. How would you grade the severity of their asthma?

A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia and is suspected of having Legionella infection. Which of the following findings would STRONGLY support this diagnosis?

A patient has been prescribed Theophylline. How soon after each dose change should their plasma levels should be monitored?

What is the MOST common cause of atypical pneumonia in patients with poorly controlled HIV and a low CD4 count?

A patient with a history of asbestos exposure presents with shortness of breath. Aside from mesothelioma, what other condition is this patient MOST at risk of developing?

According to NICE guidelines, what is the FIRST step in long term asthma management, after prescribing a short-acting beta 2 agonist inhaler?

What are some triggers for asthma?

A patient presents with proximal muscle weakness that improves with repeated muscle use. This presentation is MOST suggestive of which paraneoplastic syndrome associated with small cell lung cancer?

A farmer presents with a flu-like illness and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia, contracted from exposure to animals and their bodily fluids. Which organism is MOST likely responsible?

A patient's spirometry results show an FEV1/FVC ratio of 65% and reduced FEV1. What does this pattern suggest?

When should you consider to intensive care assessment for a patient with pneumonia?

A patient is suspected of having pneumonia. Which investigation is MOST likely to occur if they arrive at hospital?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the use of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in asthma management?

A patient presents with a dry cough, shortness of breath, and night sweats. They have a history of poorly controlled HIV and a low CD4 count. Which of the following investigations would be MOST useful in confirming the suspected diagnosis?

A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is being treated as an outpatient. Three days later, the patient returns, reporting worsening symptoms despite adherence to the prescribed antibiotics. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step in management?

A patient with a history of smoking presents with new onset ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis on the left side of their face, along with left shoulder pain. A mass is found on the apex of the lung. Which nerve structure is MOST likely affected?

A patient presents with a persistent dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue. A chest X-ray reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and reticular infiltrates. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely?

A patient recently returned from a holiday, where they stayed in a cheap hotel. They now have a persistent dry cough, neurological symptoms and hyponatraemia. Which of the following organisms is MOST likely the cause?

A patient’s spirometry results show a normal FEV1/FVC ratio but reduced FVC. Which of the following is the MOST likely underlying cause

A patient with asthma is using a short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) more than twice a week for symptom relief. According to asthma guidelines, what does this indicate and what should the next step likely be?

A patient with small cell lung cancer develops SIADH. Which of the following mechanisms BEST explains the underlying cause of hyponatremia in this patient?

A 60 year old patient, recently diagnosed with pneumonia, is not improving as expected on standard antibiotic treatment. Sputum and blood cultures are negative. They recall owning a pet parrot. What is the MOST likely cause?

A patient with advanced lung cancer develops new onset of short-term memory loss, hallucinations, confusion and seizures. Which antibody is MOST likely associated with this presentation?

A patient with known asthma presents with acute respiratory distress. They are diaphoretic, using accessory muscles to breathe and are only able to speak in single words. Auscultation reveals minimal wheezing and significantly reduced air entry bilaterally. Despite nebulised bronchodilators and IV corticosteroids, their condition worsens, and their PaCO2 is rising. This patient is MOST likely suffering from which of the following pathological processes?

What does an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 75% suggest?

Exposure to which of the following substances is MOST associated with mesothelioma?

Which of the following is the MOST significant risk factor for lung cancer?

A patient presents to hospital with suspected pneumonia. Which of the following CURB-65 factors contribute to a score of 1?

What is the MOST appropriate antibiotic treatment for mild community acquired pneumonia?

Which of the following is NOT a typical trigger for triggering asthma?

Which of the following is a typical sign or symptom of lung cancer?

What is the FIRST-LINE investigation for suspected lung cancer?

Apart from recurrent pneumonia, which of the following is a sign or symptom of lung cancer?

Which of the following is the MOST common risk factor for developing lung cancer?

Which of the following, seen on a chest X-ray, would MOST strongly suggest lung cancer?

Which of the following conditions is MOST associated with asbestos exposure?

What is the purpose of using contrast enhancement during a CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis in suspected lung cancer?

What is the typical treatment approach for small cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

A patient presents with new onset ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis on the left side of their face, along with left shoulder pain. A mass is found on the apex of the lung. Which nerve structure is MOST likely affected?

Which of the following findings on a chest X-ray would be MOST suggestive of mesothelioma, rather than other lung conditions, in a patient with a history of asbestos exposure?

A patient is diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and develops SIADH. Which mechanism BEST explains the underlying cause of hyponatremia in this patient?

A patient has an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 75%. What does this suggest?

Which of the following are the two key treatments for the long term management of asthma?

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately describes how hospital aquired pneumonia is developed?

Which antibiotic is MOST appropriate for treating mild community acquired pneumonia?

According to asthma management guidelines involving the 'stepwise ladder', what is the FIRST step?

What are some typical triggers for asthma?

Which of the organisms listed below is LEAST likely to respond to penicillins?

A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia and has a CRB-65 score of 1. What is the MOST appropriate action for this patient?

Which pneumonia type is LEAST likely to be caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Which presentation is MOST suggestive of asthma, rather than another respiratory condition?

When interpreting lung function tests, what does an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 75% suggest?

Which of the following signs is associated with pneumonia?

Which type of lung disease is associated with having a relatively good lung volume but air is only able to move in and out of the lungs slowly, due to obstruction?

Atypical pneumonia will NOT respond to which common medication?

In asthma management, what is the action of short acting beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists?

Which is MOST likely to cause pneumonia on a patient presenting with a new parrot?

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis?

Which of the options is MOST appropriate to treat moderate to severe community acquired pneumonia?

A patient has a dry cough, shortness of breath and sweats with poorly controlled HIV. What is the MOST likely causative organism for pneumonia?

Which statement BEST describes the underlying process of restrictive lung disease?

What is the primary goal of adjuvant chemotherapy in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer after surgical resection?

What is the MOST likely underlying cause of hyponatremia in a patient with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

A patient presents with pneumonia symptoms, a history of working in the construction industry with exposure to asbestos and also has an associated pleural effusion. Which malignancy should be MOST suspected?

TOM TIP: The 5 causes of atypical pneumonia mnemonic is 'Legions of psittaci MCQs'. What does the 'Qs' stand for?

What is the expected FEV1/FVC ratio in a patient diagnosed with restrictive lung disease, and why?

A patient with a history of smoking presents with shoulder pain and Horner's syndrome, and a mass in the pulmonary apex. Which nerve structure is MOST likely compressed on the sympathetic ganglion, causing these symptoms?

A patient is diagnosed with small cell lung cancer and develops Cushing’s syndrome. What is the MOST likely underlying mechanism?

Which is NOT a specific diagnostic criteria for acute asthma?

Why does the trend of C-reactive protein (CRP) inflammatory markers following a pneumonia diagnosis commonly show a delayed response, spiking a day or two later despite the patient improving on their dual antibiotic treatment?

Which combination of diagnostic findings is MOST indicative of severe acute asthma? Auscultation results will reveal what?

A patient has been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. The cancer has been isolated to a single area, and the patient is deemed suitable for surgery. Which of the following surgical procedures is typically offered FIRST-LINE?

Which of the following is the LEAST common histological type of non-small cell lung cancer?

Which investigation is considered FIRST-LINE in suspected lung cancer?

Which of the following is NOT a recognised sign or symptom of lung cancer?

What is a common finding on a chest X-ray that may suggest lung cancer?

Which of the following imaging modalities is BEST for identifying areas of metastasis in suspected lung cancer due to its ability to visualize metabolically active tissues?

Surgery is typically offered as a FIRST-LINE treatment for which type of lung cancer when the disease is isolated to a single area?

A patient presents with facial swelling, shortness of breath, and dilated neck veins. Which complication of lung cancer is MOST likely?

What condition is suggested by the 'Pemberton’s sign'?

Which triad of symptoms characterizes Horner's syndrome?

A patient with small cell lung cancer develops hyponatremia. Which paraneoplastic syndrome is the MOST likely cause?

A patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung develops hypercalcemia. What is the MOST likely underlying mechanism?

What is one of the primary goals of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgical resection?

Which lung malignancy is MOST strongly associated with asbestos inhalation?

Which classification BEST describes pneumonia if it develops more than 48 hours after hospital admission?

Which of the following chest signs is MOST indicative of pneumonia?

Which CURB-65 scoring system component does the 'B' stand for?

Which is the MOST common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

Which of the following organisms is LEAST likely to respond to penicillin antibiotics?

A patient diagnosed with pneumonia develops a pleural effusion. Which of the following complications is MOST concerning in this setting?

A farmer develops a flu-like illness and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. Exposure to which organism is MOST likely?

What atypical pneumonia is MOST likely to be contracted from contact with infected birds such as parrots?

Which of the following is MOST commonly used to treat fungal pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP)?

What should patients with poorly controlled or new HIV with a low CD4 count be prescribed to protect against PCP?

Which organism is MOST likely responsible for pneumonia in a patient who presents with a dry cough, shortness of breath, and night sweats and has a history of poorly controlled HIV?

Which of the following results is MOST indicative of obstructive lung disease?

Which of the following scenarios suggests a restrictive lung disease?

In asthma, what is the PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL basis of airflow obstruction is?

What is the MOST appropriate action for a patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation with a peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of 40% of their personal best?

A patient has a peak flow of 66% of their predicted best. Which severity category does this fall into?

A patient with asthma is using their short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) inhaler more than twice a week for symptom relief. What does this suggest about their asthma control?

What is the MOST important action for a patient who has been hospitalised with acute asthma and is about to be discharged?

Which medication, commonly used in asthma management, requires monitoring of plasma levels due to its narrow therapeutic window?

In the context of asthma, what does the acronym MART stand for regarding inhaler therapy?

Considering patients with a high pre-test probability of Asthma and are symptomatic, what is the most appropriate action a clinician should take, according to BTS/SIGN guidelines?

A patient presents with pneumonia symptoms, a history of working in the construction industry with exposure to asbestos but WITHOUT an associated pleural effusion. Which malignancy should be HIGHLY suspected?

Which of the following statements BEST represents the difference in treatment approach between small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?

What is the MOST likely causative organism of atypical pneumonia when a patient presents with a persistent dry cough, neurological symptoms, and hyponatraemia after recently staying in a cheap hotel?

According to the typical antibiotic course lengths, which of the following options is MOST appropriate for a patient diagnosed with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia?

In a patient with suspected pneumonia and a CRB-65 score of 2, with no other concerning symptoms. What is the MOST appropriate next step in management?

A patient has been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer, and staging reveals the cancer has spread to distant sites. All treatments have failed, and the patient now requires end-of-life care. Which treatment is MOST appropriate?

A patient presents with proximal muscle weakness that improves with repeated muscle use. A diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer is suspected. What specific finding would provide further evidence of the underlying cause of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

What percentage of lung cancers are considered preventable?

Which investigation is typically performed FIRST-LINE if a doctor suspects a patient may have lung cancer?

Which small cell lung cancer manifestation presents with short term memory impairment, hallucinations, confusion and seizures?

A patient presents with a combination of cough, fever, and pleuritic chest pain. On auscultation, bronchial breath sounds and coarse crackles are observed. What condition is MOST likely?

What FEV1/FVC ratio result suggests obstructive lung disease?

What is the MOST likely cause of pneumonia in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

According to NICE guidelines, what combination of medications should be prescribed INITIALLY for asthma management?

What is the MOST appropriate first-line management for a patient with community-acquired pneumonia and a CURB-65 score of 0 or 1?

A patient presents with suspected pneumonia. Which of the following chest examination findings is MOST indicative of pneumonia?

A person with a predicted peak flow of 600 achieves a score of 300 on their best attempt using a peak expiratory flow meter. What percentage of their predicted peak flow are they currently achieving?

Which statement BEST describes the purpose of contrast enhancement during a CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis in suspected lung cancer?

In the context of asthma management, what is the difference between the British Thoracic Society (BTS)/SIGN guidelines and the NICE guidelines regarding diagnosis?

A patient presents with a persistent dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue. A chest X-ray reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and reticular infiltrates. What condition is MOST likely?

What does the acronym 'TOM TIP' stand for in the context of atypical pneumonia causes?

A patient with non-small cell lung cancer develops hypercalcemia due to ectopic parathyroid hormone production. Despite treatment, the hypercalcemia persists, and the patient develops severe polyuria and polydipsia. Which of the following mechanisms BEST contributes to these renal effects?

Which of the following patients presenting with pneumonia is MOST likely to have a normal inflammatory response, and thus, normal WBC and CRP markers?

What is the MOST common early symptom of lung cancer?

Which investigation is MOST appropriate for suspected lung cancer?

Which tumour location is MOST likely to cause Horner's syndrome?

What is the MOST common cause of pneumonia?

What is the MOST likely finding of restrictive lung disease during lung function tests?

What is the MOST appropriate FIRST-LINE treatment for asthma?

What is the MOST common method of staging and assessment of metastasis in suspected lung cancer?

Which pneumonia causing organism is MOST associated with recent travel?

A patient's asthma symptoms are not well controlled with an inhaled corticosteroid. According to NICE guidelines, what is the MOST appropriate next step?

What is the MOST important measure in reducing the risk of lung cancer?

What is the MOST likely result of a recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?

What is the MOST likely action of theophylline in the treatment of asthma?

Which description BEST describes the stepwise approach to asthma management?

Which condition is MOST associated with the presence of anti-Hu antibodies?

A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia. What parameter is assessed in the CURB-65 score?

What is the MOST likely antibiotic for mild community-acquired pneumonia?

Which is the MOST appropriate action for a patient experiencing acute asthma with a PEFR of 40%?

What is the MOST likely reason for hyponatremia in a patient with Legionella pneumonia?

What is the BEST method of determining an asthmatic patient's peak flow?

Which of these causes cannot typically be tested using a gram stain?

Which feature is MOST indicative of pneumonia?

What is the MOST likely finding of compression of the superior vena cava?

A patient is diagnosed with Chlamydia psittaci. How did they MOST likely contract it?

What is the primary aim of surgery in non-small cell lung cancer?

Which finding would be MOST likely in a patient with poorly controlled HIV presenting with pneumonia?

A patient displays Pemberton's sign. What is the underlying cause for this?

Which statement BEST describes the function of a MART inhaler in asthma management?

Which organism is LEAST likely to respond to penicillin antibiotics?

A patient with a history of asbestos exposure presents with shortness of breath. Which condition is MOST associated with this exposure?

According to NICE guidelines, what action should a clinician take if they have a high clinical suspicion of asthma?

What FEV1/FVC ratio is MOST indicative of obstructive lung disease?

A patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is being considered for adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to surgery. What is the PRIMARY goal of adjuvant chemotherapy in this scenario?

A patient with untreated pneumonia develops marked hypotension and confusion despite broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy being administered. A chest X-ray demonstrates a large unilateral pleural effusion. What is the MOST likely cause of this acute deterioration?

What key risk is associated with Theophylline, therefore indicating the necessity for testing?

A patient presents with pneumonia-like symptoms, neurological abnormalities and also has hyponatraemia. Which factor in their history would MOST strongly point towards Legionella as the causative organism?

Researchers are studying the long-term outcomes of patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who initially responded well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. They aim to identify predictive factors for survival beyond five years. Which of the following factors, if found to be significantly associated with prolonged survival in this patient population, would be the MOST novel and practice-changing discovery?

A researcher aims to investigate the impact of a novel inhaled medication on airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with refractory asthma. To obtain the MOST direct and quantifiable measure of airway responsiveness before and after treatment, which assessment method should the researcher prioritize?

Which of the following investigations allows for detailed assessment of a lung tumor and ultrasound-guided biopsy?

What pathological process is indicated by an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 75%?

Which of the following clinical scenarios poses the HIGHEST risk for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)?

Apart from shortness of breath, which other symptoms commonly co-occur with superior vena cava obstruction?

Which of the following is the MOST characteristic presentation of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection?

A patient is being discharged with community acquired pneumonia but has a penicillin allergy, what antibiotic would be MOST suitable?

What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

Which combination of factors is DEFINITIVE for severe acute asthma compared to moderate asthma?

Which organism is MOST closely associated with infected water supplies or air conditioning units, potentially causing hyponatremia?

According to BTS/SIGN guidelines, how should a clinician initially manage a patient with a presentation with high clinical suspicion of asthma?

What is the MOST likely finding upon auscultation of a patient's chest indicating pneumonia?

What is the MOST common histological type of lung cancer?

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate first-line investigation for suspected lung cancer?

Which of the following is a typical symptom that may suggest the possibility of lung cancer?

A patient diagnosed with pneumonia develops confusion, a respiratory rate of 32, and a blood pressure of 85/55. According to the CRB-65 scoring system, what is their score?

What is the underlying cause of hoarseness associated with lung cancer?

What is the expected FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive lung disease, and what factors may lead to a reduced overall lung capacity?

Which of the following diagnostic findings is MOST indicative of severe acute asthma?

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), what is the typical FIRST-LINE surgical treatment option for patients with localized disease?

What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) help manage asthma symptoms?

After sending the appropriate investigations for pneumonia, why does C-reactive protein (CRP) trend show a delayed response, peaking a day or two later despite clinical improvement with antibiotics?

What is the significance of Pemberton's sign, often observed in patients with certain mediastinal masses, and how does it manifest clinically?

What recommendation would NICE give in the context of a patient with a CRB-65 score of 2?

A farmer presents with a flu-like illness and signs of pneumonia after exposure to animals. Which atypical pneumonia organism is MOST likely suspected?

How is the effectiveness of bronchodilator treatment BEST assessed with respect to spirometry results?

What clinical triad characterises Horner's syndrome, and how is it typically associated with lung cancer?

What is the MOST preventable cause of lung cancer?

How is hospital-acquired pneumonia defined, and what is the minimum time frame for its onset post-admission?

In the long-term management of asthma, which medication is used to provide quick, short-term relief during acute bronchoconstriction?

What key feature differentiates restrictive lung disease from obstructive lung disease regarding airflow?

In older smokers presenting with Lambert-Eaton syndrome, what underlying condition should be strongly suspected?

Which of the following combinations of factors would give you a CRB-65 score of 1?

What potential issue can Haemophilus influenzae potentially cause?

According to NICE guidelines, what is the FIRST step in the long-term management of asthma after prescribing a short-acting beta 2 agonist (SABA) inhaler?

Which of the following are typical triggers precipitating asthma symptoms?

Which paraneoplastic syndrome associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) leads the immune system to produce antibodies against voltage-gated calcium channels on presynaptic terminals of motor neurons?

The TOM TIP mnemonic can recall the 5 causes of atypical pneumonia 'Legions of psittaci MCQs'. Which Q is this mnemonic referring to?

A patient with a history of asthma presents with shortness of breath, wheezing, and a tight chest. Their peak expiratory flow (PEF) is 60% of their personal best. Should you be concerned?

Which of the following is a common symptom of pneumonia?

According to the NICE guidelines for asthma management, what is the INITIAL step?

What percentage of lung cancers are estimated to be preventable through lifestyle and environmental changes?

In restrictive lung disease, why is the FEV1/FVC ratio typically normal or increased?

What is the MOST likely organism responsible for pneumonia in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

Which of the following results from lung function tests indicates obstructive lung disease?

Which of the following is a typical symptom of superior vena cava obstruction?

A patient presents with a dry cough, night sweats, and shortness of breath. They have a history of poorly controlled HIV. Which pneumonia-causing organism is MOST likely?

What is the BEST description of the mechanism of action of short-acting beta 2 agonists in asthma management?

What combination of medications is typically found in a Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (MART) inhaler?

What does 'Pemberton’s sign' indicate in the context of lung cancer complications?

What is the MOST common presenting symptom of pneumonia?

A patient with suspected pneumonia has a CRB-65 score of 2. What would you expect the next step to be?

Which of the following is MOST likely to lead to Q fever?

A patient with a history of asbestos exposure presents with shortness of breath and chest pain. Why is mesothelioma suspected?

A patient has pneumonia and develops hyponatraemia. Which organism is MOST likely responsible?

Which antibodies are associated with Limbic Encephalitis?

A patient who owns parrots presents with the typical symptoms of pneumonia. The patient's pneumonia does not respond to penicillin based medications. What is the MOST likely infectious cause of the pneumonia?

A patient with newly diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia develops a pleural effusion. Analysis of the pleural fluid reveals a high neutrophil count, a low pH, and the presence of bacteria. This is MOST suggestive of what management change?

Which of the following is a common symptom of lung cancer?

In suspected lung cancer, which of the following is typically the initial investigation performed?

Which of the following most accurately describes the purpose of contrast enhancement in CT scans for suspected lung cancer?

A patient presents with facial swelling and shortness of breath. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely?

What organisms are NOT typically treated using penicillins?

Which of the following does the 'B' represent in the CURB-65 scoring system for pneumonia severity?

In the context of community-acquired pneumonia, what CRB-65 score suggests referral to hospital should be considered?

What does FEV1 represent in lung function tests?

Which finding on lung function tests is MOST indicative of obstructive lung disease?

Apart from respiratory conditions, in which other medical situation are lung function tests MOST helpful?

What is the primary action of Theophylline?

What is the standard recommendation when using a peak flow meter?

Other than infection, what is a typical trigger for asthma?

According to NICE guidelines, what action should a clinician take if they highly suspect a diagnosis of Asthma clinically?

In long-term asthma management, which of the following medications is used to reduce inflammation and reactivity in the airways?

What is the function of short acting beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists in asthma management?

What percentage of predicted peak flow is indicative of severe acute asthma?

Which of the following causes atypical pneumonia and may cause a rash called erythema multiforme, characterised by varying sized 'target lesions'?

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis?

What is suggested by a patient with asthma, using their short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) more than twice a week?

A patient presents with pneumonia and is being investigated. Which investigation would be performed if pneumonia was caused by legionella?

What do episodic symptoms and diurnal variability, worse at night, suggest?

A patient presents with a dry cough, night sweats and progressive shortness of breath. They have a known history of HIV. What should be your MOST suspected organism?

Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate combination of medications in a MART inhaler?

A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and is being treated as an outpatient. Three days later, the patient returns. What would be the MOST appropriate step?

A patient's spirometry results show equal reductions in FEV1 and FVC. The FEV1/FVC ratio is 80%. This pattern is MOST indicative of which type of lung disease?

In a suspected case of lung cancer, which of the following chest X-ray findings would be MOST concerning?

A patient presents with cough, wheeze and shortness of breath with a history of asthma, using their SABA more than twice a week. What does this indicate?

A patient’s spirometry results show an FEV1/FVC ratio of 65%. What does this suggest?

A doctor reviews a patient who has been treated for pneumonia, and their inflammatory markers spike higher a day or two later despite the patient clinically improving on treatment. What is the MOST likely explanation for this?

A patient with a new parrot presents to the clinic with sudden onset of pneumonia-like symptoms, which organism is MOST likely responsible?

A patient presents with shortness of breath, night sweats, and a dry cough. They have poorly controlled HIV. After confirming the diagnosis, what is the MOST appropriate treatment?

A known smoker presents with shoulder pain and Horner’s syndrome symptoms, suggestive of lung cancer. What is the MOST likely location of the tumour?

A patient with poorly controlled asthma and a history of hay fever presents with increased wheezing, shortness of breath, and a non-productive cough for the past week, and reports that they've increased their SABA use without relief. Auscultation reveals bilateral high-pitched wheezes, despite use of their SABA inhaler just 10 minutes prior. Peak flow is at 40%. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step in the immediate management of this patient?

A patient with a known history of well-controlled asthma presents with acute respiratory distress. They are diaphoretic, using accessory muscles to breathe, and are only able to speak in single words. Auscultation reveals minimal wheezing with significantly reduced air entry bilaterally. Nebulised bronchodilators and IV corticosteroids have been administered, but their PaCO2 is still rising. Which of the following pathological processes is MOST likely occurring in this patient?

A 60-year-old patient with a 40 pack-year smoking history presents with new-onset short-term memory loss, hallucinations, confusion, and seizures. MRI of the brain shows inflammation in the limbic system. Bronchoscopy reveals small cell lung cancer. Which antibody is MOST likely associated with this presentation?

Which of these symptoms would suggest a diagnosis of pneumonia?

What is the MOST common presenting symptom in people with penumonia?

What does an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 75% suggest with lung function tests?

What signs and symptoms are associated with superior vena cava obstruction?

Which of the following malignancies is MOST closely associated with asbestos exposure?

What is the MOST significant risk factor for developing lung cancer?

Which of the following findings on a chest X-ray would MOST strongly suggest lung cancer?

What factors need to be considered to give a patient a CRB-65 score of 1?

What is the typical treatment approach for small cell lung cancer?

Which of the following describes the definition of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A patient has a productive cough, fever and pleuritic chest pain. On examination their chest shows bronchial breath sounds and coarse crackles on the right side. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

What does a presentation of acute respiratory distress, diaphoresis, accessory muscle use, single-word speech, minimal wheezing and reduced air entry bilaterally suggest?

A patient has an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 75%. Which classification is this?

Which of the following presents MOST suspect of asthma, rather than another respiratory condition?

A patient with long term asthma can have difficulty with exercise tolerance, so that their asthma can be controlled and allow them to continue to participate in sport, what medication can be used to combat this?