51 Questions
Which vein runs along the right side and dumps into the superior vena cava?
Azygous vein
Where does the thoracic duct start?
Cisterna chyli in the abdomen
Which nerve runs posterior to the hilum?
Vagus nerve
What is the main function of Type II pneumocytes?
Surfactant production
When is annual low-dose CT scan indicated for lung cancer screening?
50–80 years old with > 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoking or quit within last 15 years
When does lung cancer screening stop?
When the patient has not smoked for 15 years or becomes ineligible for surgery due to comorbidities or patient preference
Which is the most common late complication after tracheal surgery?
Granulation tissue formation
What is the most common malignant tumor of the trachea in children?
Carcinoid tumor
What is the most common organism associated with lung abscess?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the most common cause of empyema?
Secondary to pneumonia
Which injury level results in left-sided chylothorax?
Above T5–6
What is the characteristic feature of chylothorax fluid?
Milky white appearance and high TAGs
What is considered massive hemoptysis?
> 600 cc/24 h
What is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax?
Ruptured bleb in the lung apex
What is the recurrence risk after the 2nd pneumothorax?
60%
What is the primary treatment for stable pneumothorax that is less than 10%?
Observation with serial chest X-rays
What may be needed in surgery for pneumothorax if blebs are not found?
Lung resection surgery
What procedure causes an inflammatory reaction between pulmonary and parietal pleura?
Mechanical pleurodesis
What is the most common cause of malignant pericardial effusion?
Lung cancer
What is the recommended treatment for a clotted hemothorax if it exceeds 25% of the lung or shows signs of infection?
Surgical drainage
What is the most common cause of tension pneumothorax leading to cardiac arrest after blunt trauma?
Ruptured diaphragm
Which condition is associated with endometrial implants in the visceral lung pleura?
Catamenial pneumothorax
What is the primary treatment for bronchiectasis acquired from cystic fibrosis?
Antibiotics and airway clearance techniques
What are the classic locations for tuberculosis lesions?
Upper lobes
What is the recommended treatment for AVMs causing symptoms of hemoptysis and shortness of breath?
Embolization
Which condition presents with non-caseating granulomas?
Sarcoidosis
What is the most specific finding in pleural fluid indicating empyema?
$WBC > 50,000$
What is the recommended treatment for recurrent pleural effusions?
Mechanical pleurodesis
What is the most common lung cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
In patients with lung cancer, what is the single most common site of metastasis?
Brain
What is the overall 5-year survival rate for small cell carcinoma?
Less than 5%
Which carcinoma usually appears more central on imaging?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States?
Lung cancer
What is the best test for the clinical assessment of T and N status in lung cancer?
CT scan
Which structure is NOT assessed using mediastinoscopy?
AP window nodes
What test is indicated for neuro symptoms, stage III/IV, small cell, and Pancoast tumors in lung cancer?
Brain MRI
What is the TNM status for stage II lung cancer?
T2,N1,M0
Which tumor can look like pneumonia and grows along alveolar walls in lung cancer?
Bronchoalveolar carcinoma
What is the most common complication following lung resection?
Persistent air leak
In patients with lung cancer, which type of nodal involvement has the strongest influence on survival?
Mediastinal nodal involvement (N2)
What is the most common benign adult lung tumor?
Hamartoma
What is the characteristic feature of Pancoast tumor?
Horner’s syndrome
Which tumor is associated with invasion of the superior vena cava (SVC) causing severe venous swelling of head, neck, and upper extremities?
Small cell lung carcinoma
What is the primary chemotherapy regimen for small cell lung carcinoma?
Cisplatin
Which neuroendocrine tumor usually presents with symptoms such as cough and hemoptysis?
Bronchial adenoma
What is the recommended treatment for atypical carcinoid tumors?
Resection
What is the most common mediastinal tumor in adults?
Lymphoma
Which benign adult lung tumor is composed of fat, cartilage, and connective tissue?
Hamartomas
What is the most common anterior mediastinal mass in adults?
Thymoma
What is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in the mediastinum?
Seminoma
What is the recommended treatment for non-seminoma germ cell tumors?
Chemotherapy
Learn about the treatment options and prognosis for different stages of lung cancer, including resectable and non-resectable cases. Explore chemotherapy options for non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, as well as postoperative follow-up recommendations.
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