25 Thoracic
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Questions and Answers

Which vein runs along the right side and dumps into the superior vena cava?

  • Azygous vein (correct)
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Renal vein
  • Where does the thoracic duct start?

  • Junction with internal jugular vein
  • Left subclavian vein
  • Cisterna chyli in the abdomen (correct)
  • Right lung
  • Which nerve runs posterior to the hilum?

  • Vagus nerve (correct)
  • Abducens nerve
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • What is the main function of Type II pneumocytes?

    <p>Surfactant production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is annual low-dose CT scan indicated for lung cancer screening?

    <p>50–80 years old with &gt; 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoking or quit within last 15 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does lung cancer screening stop?

    <p>When the patient has not smoked for 15 years or becomes ineligible for surgery due to comorbidities or patient preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the most common late complication after tracheal surgery?

    <p>Granulation tissue formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malignant tumor of the trachea in children?

    <p>Carcinoid tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common organism associated with lung abscess?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of empyema?

    <p>Secondary to pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which injury level results in left-sided chylothorax?

    <p>Above T5–6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of chylothorax fluid?

    <p>Milky white appearance and high TAGs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered massive hemoptysis?

    <p>&gt; 600 cc/24 h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax?

    <p>Ruptured bleb in the lung apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recurrence risk after the 2nd pneumothorax?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for stable pneumothorax that is less than 10%?

    <p>Observation with serial chest X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be needed in surgery for pneumothorax if blebs are not found?

    <p>Lung resection surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure causes an inflammatory reaction between pulmonary and parietal pleura?

    <p>Mechanical pleurodesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of malignant pericardial effusion?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for a clotted hemothorax if it exceeds 25% of the lung or shows signs of infection?

    <p>Surgical drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of tension pneumothorax leading to cardiac arrest after blunt trauma?

    <p>Ruptured diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with endometrial implants in the visceral lung pleura?

    <p>Catamenial pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for bronchiectasis acquired from cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Antibiotics and airway clearance techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the classic locations for tuberculosis lesions?

    <p>Upper lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for AVMs causing symptoms of hemoptysis and shortness of breath?

    <p>Embolization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition presents with non-caseating granulomas?

    <p>Sarcoidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most specific finding in pleural fluid indicating empyema?

    <p>$WBC &gt; 50,000$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for recurrent pleural effusions?

    <p>Mechanical pleurodesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common lung cancer?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with lung cancer, what is the single most common site of metastasis?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall 5-year survival rate for small cell carcinoma?

    <p>Less than 5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carcinoma usually appears more central on imaging?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best test for the clinical assessment of T and N status in lung cancer?

    <p>CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT assessed using mediastinoscopy?

    <p>AP window nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is indicated for neuro symptoms, stage III/IV, small cell, and Pancoast tumors in lung cancer?

    <p>Brain MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the TNM status for stage II lung cancer?

    <p>T2,N1,M0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor can look like pneumonia and grows along alveolar walls in lung cancer?

    <p>Bronchoalveolar carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication following lung resection?

    <p>Persistent air leak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with lung cancer, which type of nodal involvement has the strongest influence on survival?

    <p>Mediastinal nodal involvement (N2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common benign adult lung tumor?

    <p>Hamartoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Pancoast tumor?

    <p>Horner’s syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor is associated with invasion of the superior vena cava (SVC) causing severe venous swelling of head, neck, and upper extremities?

    <p>Small cell lung carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary chemotherapy regimen for small cell lung carcinoma?

    <p>Cisplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuroendocrine tumor usually presents with symptoms such as cough and hemoptysis?

    <p>Bronchial adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for atypical carcinoid tumors?

    <p>Resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common mediastinal tumor in adults?

    <p>Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benign adult lung tumor is composed of fat, cartilage, and connective tissue?

    <p>Hamartomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common anterior mediastinal mass in adults?

    <p>Thymoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in the mediastinum?

    <p>Seminoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for non-seminoma germ cell tumors?

    <p>Chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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