Lung Cancer Surgical Techniques Quiz

Major surgery requiring hospitalization for lung cancer, involving consent, IV line, pre-op teaching, and NPO (8-12 hrs) preparation. Post-op care can last weeks to months.

Radiation therapy where radiation is inserted inside the lung using a bronchoscope.

Minimally invasive lung surgery using a thoracoscope, video camera, and laparoscopic instruments for tumor removal (e.g., wedge resection).

Surgical procedure for brain tumors when lung cancer has metastasized to the brain, using gamma rays to slice off the tumor.

Managing side effects of chemo/radiation therapy for lung cancer, including potential esophageal issues (esophagitis) using NGT or TPN.

Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.

Potential complications after lung surgery may include: Atelectasis, bronchospasm, and pulmonary embolism.

A medical procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is inserted through the mouth to examine the inside of the digestive system.

Nothing by mouth, meaning the patient cannot eat or drink before a medical procedure.

A medication used to reduce secretions, like saliva, to prevent aspiration during procedures.

Medications used to reduce anxiety and calm patients before procedures.

A medication applied locally to numb a specific area, like the throat, to prevent discomfort during procedures.

A position where the patient lies on their left side during a procedure, allowing for better access and drainage.

A position where the patient lies on their side with one leg extended and the other bent, used for comfort and recovery.

A system used to categorize the stage of cancer based on the extent of its spread, from Stage 0 to Stage IV.

Characterized by cancer cells that are confined to the mucosal lining and do not show signs of invasion.

Similar to Stage 0 but with potential involvement of the submucosa, the muscle layer of the stomach.

The head of the pancreas is essential for producing pancreatic enzymes and hormones, which are important for regulating insulin and digestion.

A tumor in the pancreatic head can disrupt insulin regulation, leading to confusion between cancer and diabetes.

A radiographic procedure that uses barium solution to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Before the barium swallow test, the patient must be NPO (nothing by mouth) for 8 hours and may receive pre-medications.

The barium solution may taste bitter and chalky, causing nausea in some patients.

After the barium swallow test, the patient needs to drink plenty of water to eliminate the barium and take a laxative to ensure stool passage.

A procedure where an endoscope is used to visualize the upper digestive tract, including esophagus, stomach, and first part of the duodenum.

Before an EGD, the patient must sign consent forms, be NPO for 8 hours, and may receive pre-medications like atropine and anxiolytics.

Potential complications of EGD include bleeding, which can be minimized by applying pressure to the area of insertion.

Tobacco smoke inhaled through the mouth can deposit in the esophagus, potentially contributing to esophageal issues.

Initial treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC) typically includes platinum-based chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin, carboplatin, or oxaliplatin. These drugs disrupt DNA structure, causing cancer cells to die.

Docetaxel is used as a second-line treatment for NSLC when first-line chemotherapy fails or is unsuitable. It inhibits mitosis, preventing cell division. This is an option for patients who can't have surgery or are experiencing oncologic emergencies.

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It can be used as an adjuvant treatment after surgery or as a palliative measure for metastatic disease. Types include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy.

Radiation therapy can affect nearby organs, like the heart. This is because radiation can damage healthy tissues as well as cancerous tissues.

These are life-threatening situations caused by cancer. Examples include superior vena cava syndrome, cardiac tamponade, and spinal cord compression. Patients with these emergencies may be unsuitable for surgery and require a different treatment approach.

A life-threatening condition where the superior vena cava (a large vein in the chest) is blocked by a tumor. This causes swelling in the face, neck, and arms.

A medical emergency where the heart's pumping action is hampered due to fluid buildup in the sac around the heart.

This occurs when a tumor presses on the spinal cord, causing pain, weakness, or numbness in the legs and arms.

This focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with lung cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. It aims to alleviate pain, discomfort, and other challenges.

A procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions in the biliary or pancreatic ducts, involving injecting dye into the duodenal papilla using an endoscope.

The opening in the duodenum where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct connect, allowing pancreatic and biliary enzymes to flow into the digestive system.

A classification system for liver cancer based on the extent of tumor spread, ranging from Stage I (confined to one segment) to Stage IV (metastasized to other organs).

A non-invasive, early stage of pancreatic cancer where the tumor is confined to the lining of the pancreas with no lymph node involvement or metastasis.

Stage of pancreatic cancer is primarily based on tumor size and its extent of invasion, lymph node involvement, and metastasis.