Podcast
Questions and Answers
What age group is most commonly affected by lung cancer in the United States?
What age group is most commonly affected by lung cancer in the United States?
- 40-50 years
- 30-40 years
- Over 60 years (correct)
- 50-60 years
Which of the following is the second most frequent cause of lung carcinoma in the US?
Which of the following is the second most frequent cause of lung carcinoma in the US?
- Environmental toxins
- Radon accumulation (correct)
- Cigarette smoke
- Asbestos exposure
What characteristic imaging finding is commonly associated with lung cancer?
What characteristic imaging finding is commonly associated with lung cancer?
- A vascularized lesion
- A large, spiculated mass (correct)
- A well-defined, smooth nodule
- A homogeneous shadowing pattern
Which type of lung cancer is usually not amenable to surgical resection?
Which type of lung cancer is usually not amenable to surgical resection?
What is a common presenting symptom of lung cancer?
What is a common presenting symptom of lung cancer?
Which subtype of lung cancer is characterized by the presence of keratin pearls and intercellular bridges?
Which subtype of lung cancer is characterized by the presence of keratin pearls and intercellular bridges?
What is the most common tumor type found in male smokers?
What is the most common tumor type found in male smokers?
Which type of lung cancer is least associated with smoking?
Which type of lung cancer is least associated with smoking?
Which subtype of lung cancer is typically located peripherally and may present as pneumonia-like consolidation on imaging?
Which subtype of lung cancer is typically located peripherally and may present as pneumonia-like consolidation on imaging?
What is a characteristic feature of small cell carcinoma in lung cancer?
What is a characteristic feature of small cell carcinoma in lung cancer?
Which lung cancer subtype is most commonly associated with central lung locations?
Which lung cancer subtype is most commonly associated with central lung locations?
What is the significance of chromogranin positivity in lung tumors?
What is the significance of chromogranin positivity in lung tumors?
In the context of lung cancer, which carcinoma is associated with ‘cannon-ball’ nodules on imaging?
In the context of lung cancer, which carcinoma is associated with ‘cannon-ball’ nodules on imaging?
What is the defining histological feature of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma?
What is the defining histological feature of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma?
Which of the following lung cancers has the potential to cause paraneoplastic syndromes?
Which of the following lung cancers has the potential to cause paraneoplastic syndromes?
What type of lung cancer shows TTF-1 expression by immunohistochemistry?
What type of lung cancer shows TTF-1 expression by immunohistochemistry?
What causes the clinical sign known as superior vena cava syndrome in lung cancer patients?
What causes the clinical sign known as superior vena cava syndrome in lung cancer patients?
Which of the following lung cancer subtypes is least likely to present as a central mass?
Which of the following lung cancer subtypes is least likely to present as a central mass?
Which subtype of lung cancer is especially known for early metastasis?
Which subtype of lung cancer is especially known for early metastasis?
Flashcards
Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer
Most common cause of cancer mortality in the US. It occurs more frequently in older adults, typically around 60 years old.
Cigarette smoke
Cigarette smoke
A major risk factor for lung cancer, it contains over 60 carcinogens. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the higher your risk for lung cancer.
Radon
Radon
A radioactive gas formed by uranium decay found in soil and accumulates in confined areas, like basements. It's a leading cause of lung cancer due to exposure to ionizing radiation.
Small cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
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Non-small cell carcinoma
Non-small cell carcinoma
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Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
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Carcinoid Tumor
Carcinoid Tumor
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Adenocarcinoma in-situ
Adenocarcinoma in-situ
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Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
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TNM Staging
TNM Staging
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T - Tumor
T - Tumor
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N - Nodes
N - Nodes
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M - Metastasis
M - Metastasis
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Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Paraneoplastic Syndrome
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Endocrine Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Endocrine Paraneoplastic Syndrome
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Nervous System Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Nervous System Paraneoplastic Syndrome
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Study Notes
Lung Cancer Basic Principles
- Leading cause of cancer death: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the US, with an average age at diagnosis of 60.
- Key risk factors: Tobacco smoke, radon, and asbestos are key risk factors.
- Smoking's role: Smoking is implicated in 85% of lung cancer cases. Cigarette smoke contains over 60 carcinogens.
- Mutagenic compounds: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and arsenic in cigarette smoke are particularly mutagenic (cause mutations).
- Smoking duration and amount: The risk of lung cancer is directly related to the duration and amount of smoking ('pack-years').
Radon Exposure
- Radon's origin: Radon is formed by the radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in soil.
- Indoor accumulation: Radon accumulates in enclosed spaces, like basements.
- Significant radiation exposure: Radon is a significant source of public exposure to ionizing radiation; it is the second most frequent cause of lung carcinoma in the US.
Additional Risk Factors
- Environmental toxins: Asbestos, coal-burning stoves, arsenic, chromium, and nickel increase the risk of lung cancer.
- Uranium miners: Uranium miners face an increased risk of lung cancer.
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