Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main reason for the massive body of the typical lumbar vertebra?
What is the main reason for the massive body of the typical lumbar vertebra?
- To support compressive loads caused by body weight and ground reaction forces (correct)
- To facilitate the movement of the upper limbs
- To provide flexibility to the lumbar spine
- To protect the spinal cord from injury
What is the orientation of the superior articular facets in the upper lumbar region?
What is the orientation of the superior articular facets in the upper lumbar region?
- Parallel to the sagittal plane
- Approximately midway between the sagittal and frontal planes
- Perpendicular to the sagittal plane
- Closest to the sagittal plane (correct)
What is the shape of the inferior articular facets?
What is the shape of the inferior articular facets?
- Vertical and convex (correct)
- Horizontal and flat
- Moderately concave
- Oblong and irregular
What is the function of the mamillary processes?
What is the function of the mamillary processes?
What is the direction of the pedicles in the lumbar vertebra?
What is the direction of the pedicles in the lumbar vertebra?
What is the shape of the vertebral canal in the lumbar region?
What is the shape of the vertebral canal in the lumbar region?
What is the characteristic of the laminae in the lumbar vertebra?
What is the characteristic of the laminae in the lumbar vertebra?
What is the main function of the transverse process in the lumbar vertebra?
What is the main function of the transverse process in the lumbar vertebra?
What is the shape of the vertebral foramen in the 5th lumbar vertebra?
What is the shape of the vertebral foramen in the 5th lumbar vertebra?
What is the function of the accessory processes?
What is the function of the accessory processes?
What is the shape of the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra?
What is the shape of the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra?
What is the orientation of the apophyseal joints in the L5/S1 region?
What is the orientation of the apophyseal joints in the L5/S1 region?
What is the function of the L5–S1 apophyseal joints?
What is the function of the L5–S1 apophyseal joints?
What is the shape of the spinous process in the 5th lumbar vertebra?
What is the shape of the spinous process in the 5th lumbar vertebra?
What is the characteristic of the transverse process in the 5th lumbar vertebra?
What is the characteristic of the transverse process in the 5th lumbar vertebra?
What is the lumbosacral joint formed by?
What is the lumbosacral joint formed by?
What is the lumbosacral joint characterized as?
What is the lumbosacral joint characterized as?
What is the force that acts perpendicular to the upper surface of S1?
What is the force that acts perpendicular to the upper surface of S1?
What is the result of the fracture of the isthmus in the pars interarticularis?
What is the result of the fracture of the isthmus in the pars interarticularis?
What is the direction of the force G?
What is the direction of the force G?
What happens to the body of L5 when the arch is no longer retained posteriorly on the superior articular processes of the sacrum?
What happens to the body of L5 when the arch is no longer retained posteriorly on the superior articular processes of the sacrum?
What is the term for the condition when the body of L5 glides inferiorly and anteriorly?
What is the term for the condition when the body of L5 glides inferiorly and anteriorly?
What are the structures that still retain L5 on the sacrum and prevent further slippage?
What are the structures that still retain L5 on the sacrum and prevent further slippage?
What is the cause of the pain associated with spondylolisthesis?
What is the cause of the pain associated with spondylolisthesis?
What type of joints are formed between the articular processes of L5 and S1 vertebrae?
What type of joints are formed between the articular processes of L5 and S1 vertebrae?
Where are the facets of S1 positioned?
Where are the facets of S1 positioned?
What movements occur in the lumbosacral joint?
What movements occur in the lumbosacral joint?
What is the angle formed by the first sacral segment with the horizontal called?
What is the angle formed by the first sacral segment with the horizontal called?
What happens to the lumbar curve when the lumbosacral angle increases?
What happens to the lumbar curve when the lumbosacral angle increases?
What type of stress increases at the lumbosacral joint when the lumbosacral angle increases?
What type of stress increases at the lumbosacral joint when the lumbosacral angle increases?
Which vertebrae form the lumbosacral articulation?
Which vertebrae form the lumbosacral articulation?
What affects the superimposed lumbar curvature?
What affects the superimposed lumbar curvature?
Where does the lateral lumbosacral ligament arise from?
Where does the lateral lumbosacral ligament arise from?
What is the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia continuous with?
What is the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia continuous with?
What muscles arise from the lateral raphe?
What muscles arise from the lateral raphe?
What is the ligament stability of the lumbar spine related to?
What is the ligament stability of the lumbar spine related to?
What is the lateral lumbosacral ligament partially continuous with?
What is the lateral lumbosacral ligament partially continuous with?
Where does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia arise from?
Where does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia arise from?
What is the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia formed from?
What is the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia formed from?
What is the lateral lumbosacral ligament attached to?
What is the lateral lumbosacral ligament attached to?
What is the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia large and?
What is the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia large and?
What is the lateral lumbosacral ligament blended with at its insertion?
What is the lateral lumbosacral ligament blended with at its insertion?
Flashcards
Lumbar Vertebra Body
Lumbar Vertebra Body
The main weight-bearing part of a lumbar vertebra, larger than in other regions.
Lumbar Pedicles
Lumbar Pedicles
Short, thick structures forming the sides of the vertebral canal.
Lumbar Laminae
Lumbar Laminae
Short, broad plates forming the posterior wall of the vertebral canal.
Mamillary Processes
Mamillary Processes
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Lumbar Transverse Processes
Lumbar Transverse Processes
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Accessory Processes
Accessory Processes
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Lumbar Spinous Process
Lumbar Spinous Process
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Lumbar Vertebral Foramen
Lumbar Vertebral Foramen
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5th Lumbar Vertebra (L5)
5th Lumbar Vertebra (L5)
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L5 Vertebra Body Shape
L5 Vertebra Body Shape
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L5–S1 Apophyseal Joints
L5–S1 Apophyseal Joints
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Lumbosacral Joint
Lumbosacral Joint
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Lumbosacral Joint Stability
Lumbosacral Joint Stability
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Shear Force (G) at L5-S1
Shear Force (G) at L5-S1
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Lumbosacral Angle
Lumbosacral Angle
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Effect of Increased Lumbosacral Angle
Effect of Increased Lumbosacral Angle
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Lateral Lumbosacral Ligament
Lateral Lumbosacral Ligament
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Thoracolumbar Fascia
Thoracolumbar Fascia
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Posterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia Origin
Posterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia Origin
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Superior articular facets
Superior articular facets
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Inferior articular facets
Inferior articular facets
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Mamillary processes
Mamillary processes
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Accessory processes
Accessory processes
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Lumbosacral joint stability
Lumbosacral joint stability
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Vertebra Shape
Vertebra Shape
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Lumbosacral ligament
Lumbosacral ligament
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Weight forces
Weight forces
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Lumbosacral angle
Lumbosacral angle
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Vertebra load
Vertebra load
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Bony prominence
Bony prominence
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Study Notes
Typical Lumbar Vertebrae
- The body of the typical lumbar vertebra is massive, with a transverse diameter greater than the anterior diameter and height.
- The size and shape reflect the need to support great compressive loads caused by body weight, ground reaction forces, and muscle contraction.
- Laminae and pedicles are short and thick, forming the posterior and lateral walls of the nearly triangular vertebral canal.
- Pedicles are short and thick, project posterolaterally.
- Laminae are short and broad.
- Superior articular (zygapophyseal) facets are moderately concave, facing medial to posterior-medial.
- Inferior articular (zygapophyseal) facets are vertical and convex, facing slightly anteriorly and laterally.
- Mamillary processes, small bumps, are located on the posterior edge of each superior articular facet and serve as attachment for the multifidus and medial intertransverse muscles.
Transverse Process
- The transverse process is long and slender and extends horizontally.
- Accessory processes, small and irregular bony prominences, are located on the posterior surface of the transverse process near its attachment to the pedicle.
- Accessory processes serve as attachment sites for the multifidus and medial intertransverse muscles.
Spinous Process
- The spinous process is broad and thick and extends horizontally.
Vertebral Foramen
- The vertebral foramen is triangular and larger than the thoracic vertebral foramen but smaller than the cervical vertebral foramen.
5th Lumbar Vertebra
- The fifth lumbar vertebra is a transitional vertebra and differs from the rest of the lumbar vertebrae.
- The body of the vertebra is wedge-shaped, with the anterior portion being of greater height than the posterior portion.
- The L5/S1 lumbosacral disk is also wedge-shaped.
- The inferior articular facets of L5 articulate with the superior articular facets of the sacrum.
- Apophyseal joints are typically oriented much closer to the frontal plane than the other lumbar articulations.
- The L5–S1 apophyseal joints provide an important source of anterior-posterior stability to the lumbosacral junction.
Lumbosacral Joint
- The lumbosacral joint is formed by two separate articulations: the anterior intervertebral joint and the apophyseal joints.
- The lumbosacral joint is the most unstable segment of the lumbar spine.
Forces Acting on the Lumbosacral Joint
- The weight (P) can be resolved into two forces: a force (N) acting perpendicular to the upper surface of S1 and a force (G) acting parallel to the upper surface of S1 and pulling L5 anteriorly.
- These forces are transmitted through a single point in the pars interarticularis.
Lumbosacral Angle
- The lumbosacral angle is the angle formed by the first sacral segment and the horizontal.
- The size of the angle varies with the position of the pelvis and affects the superimposed lumbar curvature.
- An increase in this angle will result in an increase in lordosis of the lumbar curve and will increase the amount of shearing stress at the lumbosacral joint.
Ligaments
- Lateral lumbosacral ligament: arises from the lower margin of the transverse process of L5 vertebra and passes obliquely inferiorly to attach on the ala of the sacrum.
- The ligament is partially continuous with the iliolumbar ligament at its origin point and blends with the anterior sacroiliac ligament at its insertion on the sacrum.
Ligament Stability of the Lumbar Spine
- The thoracolumbar fascia consists of three layers: the posterior, middle, and anterior.
- The posterior layer is large, thick, and fibrous and arises from the spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spines.
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Description
Learn about the curves of the spine, typical lumbar vertebrae, and their anatomic position. Understand the structure and function of the lumbar spine. Based on Neumann and Kapandji's works.
