42 Questions
What is the primary function of the iliolumbar ligament?
To prevent the anterior slide of the L5 on the S1
What is the origin point of the iliolumbar ligament?
Tips of the transverse process of L5
What is the name of the ligament that arises from the lower margin of the transverse process of L5 vertebra and passes obliquely inferiorly to attach on the ala of the sacrum?
Lateral lumbosacral ligament
What is the name of the layer of the thoracolumbar fascia that is large, thick, and fibrous?
Posterior layer
What is the insertion point of the iliolumbar ligament?
Iliac crest
What is the name of the ligament that is partially continuous with the iliolumbar ligament at its origin point?
Lateral lumbosacral ligament
How many primary bands does the iliolumbar ligament have?
Three
What is the caudal direction of the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia?
It travels caudally to the sacrum and ilium
What happens to the inferior facet during spinal extension?
It slides inferiorly and posteriorly on the superior facet
What occurs to the nucleus pulposus during spinal extension?
It migrates anteriorly
What is the result of lumbar hyperextension on the facet joints?
It produces compressive loads
What happens to the intervertebral foramen size during spinal extension?
It decreases
What is the result of spinal flexion on the compression forces between vertebrae?
They shift away from the apophyseal joints
What is the role of the compressed anterior aspects of the discs during spinal flexion?
They support more of the total load
What is the result of spinal extension on the contact pressure within the apophyseal joints?
It decreases the contact pressure
What is the typical percentage of the total spinal load supported by the apophyseal joints in erect standing?
20%
What can a chronic posture of lumbar hyperlordosis place on the apophyseal joints and adjacent regions?
Large and potentially damaging stress
What happens to the interspinous ligaments when the lumbar spine is hyperextended?
They compress
How many degrees of lateral flexion can occur in the lumbar region?
20 °
What happens to the nucleus pulposus during lateral flexion?
It deforms slightly away from the direction of the movement
What happens to the contralateral inferior articular facet during axial rotation?
It compresses against the superior articular facet
What is restricted by the strong sagittal plane orientation of the lumbar apophyseal joints?
Axial rotation
What restricts axial rotation within the lumbar region?
Tension created in the stretched annulus fibrosus
What is the direction of rotation based on?
A point on the anterior side vertebra
What is the primary function of the lumbar region in the vertebral column?
Provide vertical stability
Which muscles contribute to vertical stability in the lumbar region?
Lumbar multifidi
What is the term used to describe the kinematic relationship between the lumbar spine and hip joints during sagittal plane movements?
Lumbopelvic rhythm
In a normal kinematic strategy, what is the approximate degree of flexion of the lumbar spine during trunk flexion?
45 degrees
What is the consequence of limited flexion in the hips during trunk flexion?
Greater flexion in the lumbar spine
What is the primary muscle group activated during the early phase of trunk extension?
Hip extensors
What is the characteristic of the middle phase of trunk extension?
Shared activation of hip and lumbar extensors
What is the result of limited lumbar mobility during trunk flexion?
Greater flexion in the hips
What happens to the lumbar spine when the pelvis undergoes anterior tilt?
It extends and increases the lordosis
What is the effect of anterior pelvic tilt on the nucleus pulposus?
It shifts the nucleus pulposus anteriorly
What occurs to the diameter of the intervertebral foramen when the pelvis undergoes anterior tilt?
It decreases
When does muscle activity typically cease in the lumbar spine?
When the line of force from body weight falls posterior to the hips
What is the effect of posterior pelvic tilt on the lumbar spine?
It flexes and decreases the lordosis
What is the effect of posterior pelvic tilt on the nucleus pulposus?
It shifts the nucleus pulposus posteriorly
What occurs to the diameter of the intervertebral foramen when the pelvis undergoes posterior tilt?
It increases
What is represented by the solid black line in the diagram?
The external moment arm used by body weight
What is the color used to represent the intensity of muscle activation in the diagram?
Red
What is the relationship between the intensity of muscle activation and the color used in the diagram?
The greater intensity of muscle activation is represented by an increase in the intensity of red
This quiz covers the ligaments associated with the lumbar region, including the iliolumbar ligament and its attachments. Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the lower back.
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