Ludism and Homo Ludens

• The document explores the use of free time and basic notions related to it, presented by Dra. Johanna Elena Santa Cruz Arévalo from the Faculty of Business Sciences and Tourism, Universidad Nacional de Frontera.

Ludism and "Homo Ludens"

• Huizinga posited that play predates culture, as both humans and animals engage in it, in the book Homo Ludens.
• Play encompasses fundamental animal behaviors: ceremonial activities, respectful gestures, and simulated acts enjoyed to the fullest.
• The game transcends the biological or physical, holding meaning, instinct, and spirit, which psychology and physiology study.
• Play is beneficial, provides vital energy release, and serves a purpose for both animals and humans.
• Language is one of the great primordial human occupations from play
• Play activates the creative spirit.
• Myth blends earthly and divine elements.
• Ancestral practices are realized and sacralized through worship.
• Culture develops through myth and worship, encompassing law, order, art, poetry, and science.
• Play is free and not obligatory, characterized by freedom, pleasure, satisfaction, and enjoyment.
• Play can be suspended or ended anytime and is outside normal life, offering a temporary escape from daily routines.
• Play is serious, elevating to beauty and holiness, yet remains disinterested, serving as an interlude in daily life with a set duration and place.
• Order exists within the play.
• Play captivates, bewitches, oppresses, and liberates with rhythm and harmony, high tension through uncertainty and chance.
• Players must adhere to obligatory rules; failure leads to the game's end.

Formal Aspects of Play

• Play, in its formal aspect, is a free action executed outside of ordinary life and absorbs the player entirely.
• Play lacks material interest or gain, occurring in a specific time, space, and following rules.
• Games represent or fight for something, updating or enacting cosmic events orderly, embodying tension, movement, solemnity, and enthusiasm.
• Sacred play involves locations for seeking joy and are spaces to conserve the world, festivals, celebration, sacrifice, the sacred dance, representation, and mystery.
• Sacred play involves the child, poet, the savage, and the modern human.

Lúdico (Playful)

• Lúdico comes from the Latin word "ludus," which means related to the game.
• Lúdico a pleasurable attitude toward life or routine and any activity that produces pleasure and is spiritual, humorous, a joke, games, a smile, and something intrinsic to the person centered on the activity.
• Rahner stated that what is lúdico is the human capacity to enjoy leisure in the here and now autonomously and constructively.

Tourism/Capitalism

• Tourism embodies key characteristics, especially pleasure with the "homo ludens", so is considered "homo turistico".
• In capitalism, play, toys, and tourism are commodities marketed with messages and promotions based on consumerism.
• Aspects of hegemonic cultures are prioritized.
• Play and tourism can serve different purposes: economic, political, social, cultural, and ideological.
• Lúdico societies and beings are those who prioritize well-being in all aspects and need the governments to promote this.

Free Time vs. Leisure

• Free time and leisure are concepts often associated as synonyms.
• Despite close ties, they have different connotations.
• "Free time" splits into "time" and "free"; time is an interval between events or a physical measure of sequential happenings.
• "Free" denotes not being subject to something.

What is Free Time?

• Free time is when a person may perform any activity they like and is is free from obligations.
• Two types of time are considered: occupied time and free time.

Occupied Time

• Activities related to work.
• Family obligations.
• Social activities.
• Time dedicated to necessities.

Free Time

• Free time arrives naturally as a time free from occupations, that each one can accommodate to their taste and style.
• Free time is to spend however activities deemed opportune.
• Free time is what is left over from needs and unavoidable obligations, that is, the time used in non-obligatory activities.
• Free time should be understood not as being free from something, but also as being free for something, that is, availability to execute something that seeks pleasure and satisfaction, etc.
• Free time is not bought, saved, or borrowed, but used.

Munné (1980) identified certain aspects of free time

• It remains after work (paid, productive, waged activities).
• It remains free of daily needs/obligations to use as desired.
• It becomes dedicated to physical and intellectual development.
• Free time represents "Homo ludens" (man of leisure) as opposed to "Homo faber" (working man).

Dumazedier's concept of free time

• Activity is divided into obligatory and non-obligatory.
• Required activities include work and semi-professional activities.
• Unlimited activities include leisure and free time.

Anderson's idea vs. Dumazedier

• Activity - the tasks between Work related and De Ocio.
• Choring is De Ocio, that with recreation can equate to free time

Grushin's conceptualization

• Grushin conceptualizes "free time" as being of work or not of work.
• The non-work could be things that are free or obligatory. Obligatory activities are domestic and physiological needs and travel to work.

Parker's Sketch on Free Time

• Time is deconstructed as De Trabajo/No trabajo and then is defined as Obligation / Necesities
• These are then further obligation of work or no work which result in Freedom & Ocio in the trabajo or Ocio/Free time

Castellanos' Schema for Comprehension of Free Time

• Human activities can be obligatory or not.
• Obligatory: Work; Physiological necessities; social familial obligations
• Not Obligatory: Free time used for recreation/animation, sport, culture, tourism

Boullón's Design

• Time either has Obligations: primary (work / study); secondary ( hygiene/travel) + Physiologic (sleeping/eating)

Formula

• Free time = recreational leisure + time squandered.

Leisure Time Usage Alternatives

• Positive uses of free time include tourism and recreation, based on duration.
• Tourism requires staying outside one's habitual home for over 24 hours.
• Recreation are activities for satisfaction, with a duration of under 24 hours.

Sports and Free time

• Sport is another such activity, which requires physical ability/training in order to be successful.
• Sport can also improve physical health and also familial issues.

Social Class and Art in use of free time

• Another use for that free time is improving education, which will intern help the whole of the lower classes and their families to be able to appreciate art and sciences.

Current Outlook & Expectations

• The number of people in rural zones has declined sharply, with many moving to urbanized centers that in turn need higher tech jobs.
• Specialization on certain skill sets often leads to stagnation, with a lack of adequate mental stimulation on the job leading to issues in the worker's physical and social lifestyle outside of work.

Adam Smith

• Smith states that there needs to be a place outside the workplace where these people who spend the majority of their time understimulated can practice using the intellect that they've had beaten into them.

Economic System Intervention

• The market directly interferes with activities like media with education that can exploit ignorance and turn it into revenue.

Money

• The worker does not make nearly as much as owners or entrepreneurs that own capital which means spending on things like leisure activities is cut down on.

Past Labor

• Mexican labor saw reform in 1917, which limited maximum work to 8 hours a day, 7 hours a night

Worker Rights

• Law should protect the rights of workers like tourists activities as well as encourage the State to regulate new cultural integration.

OCI

• OCI's importance in giving a sense occupation while being appreciated result in the liberty it brings for each citizen

Different types of Ocio include these key concepts

• Something that surges in the implation of something else
• Is synomous with Desired Occupation
• is centered on a Huma-Centererd experience

The Concepts Ocio have

• Is the set of occupations the people engage in
• Is the idea of culture as per what otium latino is

More on Characteristics of Ocio

• Ocio may be linked to the concept to descanso, yet should not be the "opposite" in aburrimiento.
• Ocio improve rendimiento by a lot.
• The moments one procure Ocio is more than one believes

World Leisure Organization (WLO) News

• The conference is in 2030, and the destination & service will have new destinations ready.
• Qatar is redefying the future of travel.
• WLO works more actively with QTM and the future is closer to sustainable development.

The Charter on Leisure

• Everyone, young or old, are deserving a time for activities.

Rights and Benefits of Leisure

• Leisure encompasses health, family, cultural community & more.
• No one should be denegated as a leisure, no matter the background.
• Governments should secure public activities that support it.

Governments' responsibility for free time and recreation

• The responsibility extends to all citizens regardless of age, gender, sexual orientation, religion etc.
• These responsibilities are: Guarantee recreational terrain, protect it, guarantee cultural areas and services

What is free time and good habits

• Free Time is that the time where one does labours, which can be for leisure or other task
• Provechoso is the time we occupy freely to the entertainment of our own desires, while encouraging a social environment.

The Recreative Ocio

• Can be defined as a sense to the Ocio one engages that is different.
• Could be going to vacational places for once

Ocio Creativo

• Conjunto a social activity that improves one "self", the activity must improve on development.