Lubricant Properties and Grease Types

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the life of a lubricant when the operating temperature increases by 10 degrees Celsius above 50°C?

  • Marginal effect
  • Life will be halved (correct)
  • Life will increase
  • No effect

In the context of grease, what does the number '2' signify in 'Grease ServoGem EP-2'?

  • General purpose grease
  • High pressure application
  • Thickness of grease (correct)
  • All of the above

Which statement about grease is incorrect?

  • Lithium base grease is multipurpose
  • Calcium grease is water resistant
  • Grease has better heat transferability compared to oil (correct)
  • All of the above

Which of the following is a property of lubricant?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which additives are commonly used in lubricants to enhance their properties?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of testing oil in service?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which thickener/soap is most commonly used for greases in heavy industry applications?

<p>Lithium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in temperature typically have on the viscosity of oil?

<p>Viscosity decreases with rise in temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the viscosity index measure?

<p>Oil's change in viscosity with temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which operating condition are viscosity index improvers' additives typically used in lube oil?

<p>Both B and C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which additive plays a very important role at heavy loads?

<p>EP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be determined from testing oil in service?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a cooling system, what is the name of the radiator type where water flows horizontally from one side to the other?

<p>Cross flow type radiator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the primary role of a cooling fan in a vehicle?

<p>It blows air through the radiator when necessary (for example, when the vehicle is stationary or moving slowly) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To ensure effective cooling, what surrounds each cylinder in an engine?

<p>Jackets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding circulation in a thermo-syphon cooling system?

<p>The circulation occurs through convection currents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a main component of a radiator?

<p>Radiator Core (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could be a cause of poor circulation in a cooling system?

<p>Both (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve in the radiator cap opens when the coolant temperature rises and the pressure inside the radiator exceeds a predetermined level?

<p>Pressure valve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a radiator in an engine cooling system?

<p>To cool the coolant after it leaves the engine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain the correct coolant level in a vehicle's cooling system?

<p>To prevent the engine from overheating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a thermostat in an engine cooling system?

<p>To regulate the flow of coolant to the radiator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of a failing water pump in a vehicle?

<p>The engine overheats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the use of coolant (antifreeze) in a cooling system help protect against freezing?

<p>By decreasing the freezing point of the coolant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a car's temperature gauge is consistently reading higher than normal, what is a likely cause?

<p>There is a problem with the cooling system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does proper lubrication contribute to engine cooling?

<p>By reducing friction between moving parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the expansion tank (or overflow tank) in a cooling system?

<p>To provide a reservoir for coolant expansion due to heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'coolant cavitation' and why is it detrimental to an engine's cooling system?

<p>The formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in the coolant, leading to erosion and reduced cooling effectiveness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'coolant flush' and why is it considered a standard preventative maintenance procedure for vehicle cooling systems?

<p>Draining and replacing old coolant with fresh coolant to remove accumulated rust, scale, and debris; preventing corrosion and overheating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using distilled water rather than tap water in a vehicle's cooling system?

<p>To minimize scale formation and corrosion by reducing the presence of minerals and impurities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you never open a vehicle's radiator cap while the engine is hot?

<p>The cooling system is under high pressure; opening the cap can cause scalding hot coolant to spray out, resulting in severe burns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the radiator cap play in maintaining the optimal operating temperature of an engine?

<p>Maintains pressure; raising the boiling point of the coolant, allowing the engine to run hotter without boiling over. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you notice the engine is overheating at low speeds, but cools down at higher speeds, what is the MOST probable cause?

<p>The electric cooling fan is failing; air isn't forced through the radiator when the car isn't moving as quickly, but the airflow is sufficient at high speed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Glysantin' specification, and why is it significant when selecting a coolant for a modern engine?

<p>A brand name for a specific type of coolant formulation recognized by leading automotive manufacturers for its compatibility and protective properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose an engineer designed a cooling system where the coolant was replaced by a closed-loop system of highly pressurized helium gas. What principle would justify the selection of helium over traditional liquid coolants?

<p>Helium gas provides superior thermal conductivity compared to liquids, enabling the absorption and dissipation of heat through rapid decompression cycles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a hypothetical situation where a race car engineer decides to introduce a cooling system that uses a phase-change material (PCM) within the engine block. What is the most critical factor they would need to consider regarding the PCM to ensure optimal performance during a race?

<p>The melting point of the PCM must be precisely calibrated to match the engine's optimum operating temperature range to maximize heat absorption during phase change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Effect of temperature on lubricant life

When the lubricant temperature is above 50°C, for every increase of 10°C, the life of the oil will be half.

Meaning of '2' in Grease ServoGem EP-2

Number 2 indicates the thickness/consistency of the grease.

Which statement is false about grease?

Grease has lower heat transferability compared to oil.

Properties of lubricant

Surface tension, oiliness and tackiness are all properties.

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Additives for lubricants

Anti-foaming, viscosity index improver, and anti-oxidation additives are used to enhance lubricant properties.

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Purpose of testing oil in service

Testing of oil in service is done to decide whether the old oil needs to be discarded or replaced, whether it needs filtration, and to identify elements indicating wear inside parts.

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Common thickener in heavy industry greases

Lithium is most commonly used thickener/soap for greases used by Heavy Industry.

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Effect of temperature on oil viscosity

Viscosity decreases with a rise in temperature.

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Viscosity index

Viscosity index is a measure of oil's change in viscosity with temperature.

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When are VI improvers used?

Viscosity Index improvers' additives are used in lube oil at high-temperature operating conditions.

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Additive for heavy loads

EP (Extreme Pressure) additives play a very important role at heavy loads.

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Oil testing to decide

Testing of oil in service determines whether old oil needs replacement, filtration, or indicates internal part wear.

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Radiator type with horizontal flow

The type of radiator when water flows horizontally from an input tank on one side to another is called cross flow type radiator.

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Function of a cooling fan

It blows air through the radiator when necessary (for example, when the vehicle is stationary or moving slowly).

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Cylinder cooling

To ensure effective cooling, each cylinder is surrounded by water jackets.

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Thermo-syphon cooling system

The circulation in thermo-syphon cooling system through convection currents is a true statement

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Main part of a radiator

The main part of a radiator is the radiator core.

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Cause of poor circulation?

Restriction in system and loose fan belt, both are the possible cause of poor circulation.

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Radiator cap's valve?

If the coolant temperature rises and the pressure inside the radiator exceeds a predetermined level, pressure valve in the radiator cap will open.

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Study Notes

  • An increase of 10°C in lubricant operating temperature above 50°C affects lubricant life.
  • Grease ServoGem EP-2 indicates general purpose grease, high-pressure application, and thickness of grease.
  • Lithium base grease is multipurpose.
  • Calcium grease is water resistant.
  • Grease has better heat transferability compared to oil is false.
  • Lubricant properties include surface tension, oiliness, and tackiness.
  • Lubricant additives used to enhance properties include anti-foaming agents, viscosity index improvers, and antioxidants.
  • Testing oil in service determines whether old oil needs replacement, filtration is required, and which internal parts are wearing.
  • Lithium is the most common thickener/soap for greases used by heavy industry.
  • Viscosity decreases with a rise in temperature.
  • Viscosity index measures oil's change in viscosity with pressure.
  • Viscosity Index improvers are used in lube oil in high-temperature operating conditions.
  • EP additives play a crucial role under heavy loads.
  • Testing oil in service determines if old oil should be discarded, if filtration is needed, and which internal parts are wearing.

Cooling System

  • A radiator where water flows horizontally from an input tank on one side to another is called a cross-flow type radiator.
  • A cooling fan blows air through the radiator when necessary, such as when the vehicle is stationary or moving slowly.
  • Each cylinder is surrounded by water jackets to ensure effective cooling.
  • Circulation in a thermo-syphon cooling system occurs through convection currents.
  • The main part of a radiator is the radiator core.
  • Possible causes of poor circulation include restriction in the system and a loose fan belt.
  • A pressure valve will open if the coolant temperature rises and the pressure inside the radiator exceeds a predetermined level.

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