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Questions and Answers

What is necessary for diagnosing a vegetative state?

  • Evidence of sensory processing
  • No ability to breathe unaided
  • Consistent voluntary movement
  • No language expression (correct)

What kind of care is primarily provided for individuals in a vegetative state?

  • Supportive care (correct)
  • Rehabilitative therapy
  • Medication-based treatment
  • Surgical intervention

Which of the following is NOT a cause of brain death?

  • Brain tumors
  • Heart attack
  • Stroke
  • Severe dehydration (correct)

How does a heart attack primarily occur?

<p>Through blockage of blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cardiac arrest from a heart attack?

<p>Heart attack is caused by a blockage, while cardiac arrest is not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of the loss of blood supply during a heart attack?

<p>Dying heart muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one element of supportive care for patients in a vegetative state?

<p>Position changes to prevent bedsores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes atherosclerosis?

<p>The buildup of plaques in arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consequence of disrupted heart pumping action?

<p>Loss of consciousness occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stroke is caused by blocked blood flow to the brain?

<p>Ischemic stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of encephalitis is caused by an individual's immune system attacking the brain?

<p>Autoimmune encephalitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of brain death diagnosis?

<p>Persistent (irreversible) coma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by unresponsiveness and inability to wake a person?

<p>Coma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of coma?

<p>Gastrointestinal bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stroke is caused by sudden bleeding in the brain?

<p>Cerebral hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical duration for a coma before transitioning to brain death?

<p>3 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines brain death?

<p>The irreversible loss of all functions of the brain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions is NOT regulated by the brain stem?

<p>Conscious thought (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about a person in a vegetative state?

<p>They may open their eyes and have a sleep-wake cycle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following statements is true regarding brain death?

<p>Life support can maintain a heartbeat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a person confirmed to be in a state of brain death?

<p>When the brain stem stops functioning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes brain death from a vegetative state?

<p>Brain death involves loss of consciousness and brain function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of brain stem functionality?

<p>Regulation of vital involuntary functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of a person in a vegetative state?

<p>They can speak and comprehend language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lazarus sign indicate in brain-dead patients?

<p>They can physically move their limbs reflexively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is apnea in the context of brain death assessment?

<p>Inability to breathe unaided. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

<p>To maintain oxygen flow to vital organs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is performed in CPR to provide artificial ventilation?

<p>Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are defibrillators used for in an emergency situation?

<p>To restore normal heart function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the Lazarus reflex?

<p>It reflects activity in the spinal cord. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the apnea test?

<p>Ventilator support is disconnected to observe breathing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is CPR recommended to be performed?

<p>When the individual is unresponsive and not breathing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Brain Death

Irreversible loss of all brain function.

Brain Stem Death

A specific type of brain death, signifying irreversible loss of brain stem function.

Brainstem

Part of the brain controlling automatic functions like breathing and heartbeat.

Vegetative State

Brain stem functioning, but lack of consciousness or cognitive function.

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Sleep-Wake Cycle

Normal 24-hour pattern of sleeping and waking.

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Legal Death

Confirmed by medical professionals after brain death or brain stem death.

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Life Support Machine

A machine that helps maintain a person's vital functions during a medical crisis.

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Consciousness

Awareness of self and the world.

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Vegetative State Diagnosis

Requires no language, no voluntary responses (sight, sound, smell, touch), and a functioning brain stem (verified by MRI).

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Vegetative State Treatment

No specific treatment, but supportive care is provided to allow the brain to possibly heal.

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Heart Attack Cause

Blocked artery carrying blood and oxygen to the heart, usually due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis).

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Plaque Buildup

Fatty deposits in the coronary arteries, leading to atherosclerosis.

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Cardiac Arrest vs. Heart Attack

Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of all heart activity (irregular rhythm), while a heart attack is blocked blood flow to a part of the heart.

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Brain Death Cause

Several factors like heart attacks, cardiac arrest, strokes, infections and brain tumors.

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Brain Stem

The part of the brain controlling basic life functions (breathing, heartbeat, etc.)

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Supportive Care example

Feeding tube, position changes to prevent sores, physical therapy and also skin and oral care.

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Ischemic Stroke

A stroke caused by a blocked blood vessel in the brain, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching brain cells.

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Hemorrhagic Stroke

A stroke caused by bleeding in the brain, putting pressure on brain cells and damaging them.

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Brain Tumor

An abnormal growth of tissues in or near the brain, where cells uncontrollably multiply.

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Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain, usually caused by virus.

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Coma

A state of unconsciousness, where a person is unresponsive and cannot be woken.

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Brain Death

Irreversible loss of all brain functions, requiring 3 conditions.

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Persistent Coma

Unresponsive state with no chance of recovery.

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Absence of Brainstem Reflexes

Lack of automatic reflexes triggered by stimuli in the brain stem.

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Lazarus Sign

A reflex movement in brain-dead patients where arms briefly raise and drop crossed on chest.

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Apnea Test

Checking for breathing without life support; supports brain death diagnosis.

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CPR

Emergency procedure to preserve brain function during cardiac arrest, using chest compressions and possibly artificial ventilation.

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Defibrillator

Device that delivers electric shocks to restore normal heart function.

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Brain Death

Irreversible loss of all brain function.

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Brain Stem Reflex

An involuntary response mediated by the brainstem, rather than the cerebrum.

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Cardiac Arrest

Sudden stoppage of heart activity.

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Artificial Ventilation

Providing air to the lungs mechanically.

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Related Documents

BT411 Lecture 3 Summer 2024 PDF

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