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LPIC-3 Security Exam Questions
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LPIC-3 Security Exam Questions

Created by
@MagnificentZeal

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of rkhunter?

  • To manage system log files
  • To automate host scans
  • To detect rootkits and other security threats (correct)
  • To manage installed packages

    • What is a certificate chain?

  • A sequence of certificates used to verify the authenticity of a digital certificate (correct)
  • A sequence of public and private keys used for encryption and decryption
  • A chain of public and private keys used for encryption and decryption
  • A chain of digital signatures used to verify the authenticity of a certificate

    • What is a Trojan?

  • A type of virus
  • A type of denial-of-service attack
  • A type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software (correct)
  • A type of phishing scam

    • What is a rogue access point?

    <p>An unauthorized access point that is set up to look like a legitimate one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of a TLSA record in DANE is to provide information about a TLS server.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are SELinux permissions related to standard Linux permissions?

    <p>SELinux permissions override standard Linux permissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What option of mount.cifs specifies the user that appears as the local owner of the files of a mounted CIFS share when the server does not provide ownership information?

    <p>uid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices are important for the security of private keys? (Choose TWO correct answers)

    <p>Private keys should have a sufficient length for the algorithm used for key generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of NSEC3 in DNSSEC?

    <p>To prevent zone enumeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to run a new shell for a user changing the SELinux context?

    <p>newrole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which file is used to configure AIDE?

    <p>/etc/aide/aide.conf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements describes the purpose of ndpmon?

    <p>It monitors the network for neighbor discovery messages from new IPv6 hosts and routers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an asymmetric key?

    <p>A key used for both encryption and decryption that is generated in a pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a behavioral-based HID technique?

    <p>Anomaly-based detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command revokes ACL-based write access for groups and named users on the file afile?

    <p>setfacl ~m mask: : rx afile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to set an extended attribute on a file in Linux?

    <p>setfattr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine whether the given solution is correct?

    <p>Correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following openssl commands generates a certificate signing request (CSR) using the already existing private key contained in the file private/keypair.pem?

    <p>openssl req – new -key private/keypair.pem –out req/csr.pem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cryptography?

    <p>The art of sending secret messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activity does HID monitor for?

    <p>Unauthorized access attempts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using HID?

    <p>Provides automatic removal of detected threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ciphertext?

    <p>The encrypted message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rootkit?

    <p>A type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commands defines an audit rule that monitors read and write operations to the file '/etc/firewall/rules' and associates the rule with the name 'firewall'?

    <p>auditctl –w /etc/firewall/rules –p rw –k firewall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plaintext?

    <p>The original message before encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is commonly used to transmit X.509 certificates?

    <p>LDAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What option of mount.cifs specifies the user that appears as the local owner of the files of a mounted CIFS share when the server does not provide ownership information?

    <p>uid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices are important for the security of private keys? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

    <p>Private keys should have a sufficient length for the algorithm used for key generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of NSEC3 in DNSSEC?

    <p>To prevent zone enumeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to run a new shell for a user changing the SELinux context?

    <p>newrole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which file is used to configure AIDE?

    <p>/etc/aide/aide.conf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements describes the purpose of ndpmon?

    <p>It monitors the network for neighbor discovery messages from new IPv6 hosts and routers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an asymmetric key?

    <p>A key used for both encryption and decryption that is generated in a pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a behavioral-based HID technique?

    <p>Anomaly-based detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command revokes ACL-based write access for groups and named users on the file afile?

    <p>setfacl ~m mask: : rx afile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to set an extended attribute on a file in Linux?

    <p>setfattr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When OpenVPN sends a control packet to its peer, it expects an acknowledgement in 2 seconds by default. Which of the following options changes the timeout period to 5 seconds?

    <p>-- tls-timeout 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which permission bit allows a user to delete a file?

    <p>Write</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rkhunter?

    <p>To detect rootkits and other security threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a certificate chain?

    <p>A sequence of certificates used to verify the authenticity of a digital certificate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commands changes the source IP address to 192.0.2.11 for all IPv4 packets which go through the network interface eth0?

    <p>iptables ~t nat ~A POSTROUTING ~o eth0 <del>j SNAT --to</del>source 192.0.2.11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is used in a parameter file for setkey to create a new SPD entry?

    <p>spdadd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methods can be used to deactivate a rule in Snort? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

    <p>By placing a pass rule in local.rules and restarting Snort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command adds users using SSSD's local service?

    <p>sss_useradd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNS records are used in DNSSEC?

    <p>RRSIG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Certificate Authority (CA)?

    <p>To issue and sign X.509 certificates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the command 'ipa-server-install' a correct solution?

    <p>Correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following openssl commands generates a certificate signing request (CSR) using the already existing private key?

    <p>openssl req – new -key private/keypair.pem –out req/csr.pem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cryptography?

    <p>The art of sending secret messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of activity does HID monitor for?

    <p>Unauthorized access attempts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using HID?

    <p>Provides automatic removal of detected threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ciphertext?

    <p>The encrypted message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commands defines an audit rule that monitors read and write operations to a specified file?

    <p>auditctl –w /etc/firewall/rules –p rw –k firewall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rootkit?

    <p>A type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commands displays all ebtable rules contained in a specified table?

    <p>ebtables -t filter –L --Lc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plaintext?

    <p>The original message before encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is commonly used to transmit X.509 certificates?

    <p>LDAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the program snort-stat?

    <p>It reads syslog files containing Snort information and generates port scan statistics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to check for rootkits on a Linux system?

    <p>chkrootkit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rkhunter?

    <p>To detect rootkits and other security threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a certificate chain?

    <p>A sequence of certificates used to verify the authenticity of a digital certificate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which permission bit allows a user to delete a file?

    <p>Write</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following DNS records are used in DNSSEC?

    <p>RRSIG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Certificate Authority (CA)?

    <p>To issue and sign X.509 certificates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What option of mount.cifs specifies the user that appears as the local owner of the files of a mounted CIFS share when the server does not provide ownership information?

    <p>uid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices are important for the security of private keys? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

    <p>Private keys should be included in X509 certificates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of NSEC3 in DNSSEC?

    <p>To prevent zone enumeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to run a new shell for a user changing the SELinux context?

    <p>newrole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which file is used to configure AIDE?

    <p>/etc/aide/aide.conf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an asymmetric key?

    <p>A key used for both encryption and decryption that is generated in a pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a behavioral-based HID technique?

    <p>Anomaly-based detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command revokes ACL-based write access for groups and named users on the file afile?

    <p>setfacl ~m mask: : rx afile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to set an extended attribute on a file in Linux?

    <p>setfattr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option in an Apache HTTPD configuration file enables OCSP stapling?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine whether the given solution is correct?

    <p>Correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attack is phishing?

    <p>A type of social engineering attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Certificate Revocation List (CRL)?

    <p>A list of X.509 certificates that have been revoked by a particular CA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of record is used to map an IP address to a hostname?

    <p>PTR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of AIDE?

    <p>To detect intrusions and system changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is host intrusion detection (HID)?

    <p>A system that monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DNSKEY record in DNSSEC?

    <p>To sign a DNS zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social engineering?

    <p>A type of psychological manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an RRSIG record in DNSSEC?

    <p>To sign a DNS zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ndpmon?

    <p>To monitor remote hosts by periodically sending echo requests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of key is used for both encryption and decryption that is generated in a pair?

    <p>Asymmetric key</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a behavioral-based HID technique?

    <p>Anomaly-based detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to set an extended attribute on a file in Linux?

    <p>setfattr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option in an Apache HTTPD configuration file enables OCSP stapling?

    <p>ssl-ocsp.conf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following database names can be used within a Name Service Switch (NSS) configuration file?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of access control model is established by using SELinux?

    <p>Mandatory Access Control (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command revokes ACL-based write access for groups and named users on the file afile?

    <p>setfacl ~m mask: : rx afile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of OCSP stapling?

    <p>To provide information about a TLS server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option of the openvpn command should be used to ensure that ephemeral keys are not written to the swap space?

    <p>--mlock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to view the access control list of a file?

    <p>getfacl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a man-in-the-middle attack?

    <p>An attack that intercepts communications between two parties to steal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following names correspond to existing attribute namespaces?

    <p>system, trusted, user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scan techniques is used with nmap?

    <p>Xmas Scan, FIN Scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to add a new user to FreeIPA?

    <p>ipa user-add usera --first User --last A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Linux Extended File Attribute namespace?

    <p>trusted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a DNSKEY record in DNSSEC?

    <p>To sign a DNS zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of X.509 certificates that have been issued by a particular CA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of AIDE?

    <p>AIDE is used to detect intrusions and system changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DNS record used to map an IP address to a hostname is the _______________________ record.

    <p>PTR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following security threats with their definitions:

    <p>Phishing = A type of attack where an attacker tricks a user into revealing sensitive information Social Engineering = A type of attack where an attacker tricks a user into revealing sensitive information Malware = A type of virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of NSEC3 in DNSSEC?

    <p>To prevent DNS zone enumeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Host intrusion detection (HID) is a system that detects malicious traffic on a network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Certificate Authority (CA)?

    <p>A Certificate Authority (CA) is used to issue and manage digital certificates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ndpmon?

    <p>Monitor log files for failed login attempts in order to block traffic from offending network nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A key used for encryption and decryption that is the same is an asymmetric key.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command to set an extended attribute on a file in Linux?

    <p>setfattr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______________ option in an Apache HTTPD configuration file enables OCSP stapling.

    <p>SSLUseStapling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following database names can be used within a Name Service Switch (NSS) configuration file?

    <p>passwd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following HID techniques with their descriptions:

    <p>Signature-based detection = A technique that uses predefined patterns to identify malware Anomaly-based detection = A technique that identifies malware based on its behavior Heuristic-based detection = A technique that uses rules and algorithms to identify malware Rule-based detection = A technique that uses predefined rules to identify malware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The setfacl command is used to revoke ACL-based write access for groups and named users on a file.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a behavioral-based HID technique?

    <p>Anomaly-based detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following access control models is established by using SELinux?

    <p>Mandatory Access Control (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The openssl command 'req -new -x509 -nodes -keyout private/keypair.pem -out cert.csr' generates a certificate signing request (CSR) using a new private key.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a man-in-the-middle attack?

    <p>An attack that intercepts communications between two parties to steal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The option '--mlock' of the openvpn command should be used to ensure that _______________________ keys are not written to the swap space.

    <p>ephemeral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Linux file attributes with their corresponding namespaces:

    <p>default = A system = B owner = C user = D trusted = E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The command 'setfacl' is used to view the access control list of a file.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to add a new user 'usera' to FreeIPA?

    <p>ipa user-add usera --first User --last A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options of the openvpn command should be used to change the timeout period to 5 seconds?

    <p>--ping-restart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ndpmon?

    <p>To monitor log files for failed login attempts in order to block traffic from offending network nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an asymmetric key?

    <p>A key used for both encryption and decryption that is generated in a pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a behavioral-based HID technique?

    <p>Anomaly-based detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command revokes ACL-based write access for groups and named users on the file afile?

    <p>setfacl ~m mask: : rx afile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to set an extended attribute on a file in Linux?

    <p>setfattr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option in an Apache HTTPD configuration file enables OCSP stapling?

    <p>httpd-ssl.conf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following database names can be used within a Name Service Switch (NSS) configuration file?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Certificate Authority (CA)?

    <p>To issue digital certificates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DNSKEY record in DNSSEC?

    <p>To sign a DNS zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phishing?

    <p>A type of social engineering attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of AIDE?

    <p>To detect intrusions and system changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is host intrusion detection (HID)?

    <p>A system that monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Certificate Revocation List (CRL)?

    <p>A list of X.509 certificates that have been revoked by a particular CA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following DNS records is used to map an IP address to a hostname?

    <p>PTR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social engineering?

    <p>A type of attack that manipulates individuals into revealing sensitive information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used to verify the authenticity of a DNS query?

    <p>RRSIG record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which access control model is established by using SELinux?

    <p>Mandatory Access Control (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the '--mlock' option in OpenVPN?

    <p>To ensure ephemeral keys are not written to the swap space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a scan technique in nmap?

    <p>Xmas Scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a man-in-the-middle attack?

    <p>An attack that intercepts communications between two parties to steal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to view the access control list of a file?

    <p>getfacl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Linux Extended File Attributes are organized into namespaces?

    <p>System, Trusted, and User</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'ipa user-add' command?

    <p>To add a new user to FreeIPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of using Host-based Intrusion Detection (HID)?

    <p>Real-time detection of malicious activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    LPIC-3 Security

    Mounting CIFS Shares

    • The uid option of mount.cifs specifies the user that appears as the local owner of the files of a mounted CIFS share when the server does not provide ownership information.

    Security Practices

    • Private keys should be created on the systems where they will be used and should never leave them.
    • Private keys should have a sufficient length for the algorithm used for key generation.
    • Private keys should not be stored as plain text files without encryption.

    DNSSEC

    • NSEC3 is used to prevent zone enumeration.

    Access Control

    • Forcing a file to be executed with the permissions of the file owner is achieved by setting the SetUID bit.
    • The difference between SetUID and SetGID is that SetUID allows a file to be executed with the permissions of the file owner, while SetGID allows a file to be executed with the permissions of the group owner.

    Symmetric and Asymmetric Keys

    • A symmetric key is used for encryption and decryption and is the same for both.
    • An asymmetric key, also known as a key pair, is used for encryption and decryption and is generated in a pair.

    Linux Audit System

    • The ausearch command is used to search and filter the audit log.

    Network Security

    • A honeypot is a network security tool designed to lure attackers into a trap.
    • IP sets group together IP addresses that can be referenced by netfilter rules.

    Authentication and Authorization

    • rkhunter is used to detect rootkits and other security threats.

    Digital Certificates

    • A certificate chain is a sequence of certificates used to verify the authenticity of a digital certificate.
    • A Certificate Authority (CA) issues and signs X.509 certificates.

    Threats and Attacks

    • A buffer overflow is a type of software vulnerability.
    • A man-in-the-middle attack intercepts communications between two parties to steal information.
    • A Trojan is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software.
    • A rogue access point is an unauthorized access point set up to look like a legitimate one.

    System Hardening

    • Linux Malware Detect is a tool used to detect malware on a Linux system.
    • pam_cracklib is a PAM module that checks new passwords against dictionary words and enforces complexity.

    DNS and DNSSEC

    • RRSIG is a DNS record type used in DNSSEC.
    • dnssec-keygen generates DNSSEC keys.

    File Permissions and Access Control

    • Linux file ownership is used to restrict access to files only to their owner.
    • chmod is used to set the permissions of a file in Linux.

    Network Security Tools

    • iptable is used to configure firewall rules.
    • nftables is used to configure packet filtering and classification.

    Let me know if you'd like me to clarify or expand on any of these points!### Virtual Host and SSL

    • The virtual host is used as a fallback default for all clients that do not support SNI.
    • The virtual host is served only on the common name and Subject Alternative.

    Apache HTTPD Configuration

    • To require a client certificate for authentication, use the configuration option SSLVerifyClient require.
    • SSLRequestClientCert is used to request a client certificate, but it does not require one.
    • SSLVerifyClient is used to specify the verification level for client certificates.

    Root CA Certificate

    • A Root CA certificate is a self-signed certificate.
    • It does not include the private key of the CA.
    • It must contain an X509v3 Authority extension.

    Host-Based Intrusion Detection (HID)

    • HID is a system that monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.
    • Best practice for implementing HID is to configure it to alert security personnel of potential security incidents.

    SELinux Permissions

    • SELinux permissions are verified after standard Linux permissions.
    • SELinux permissions do not override standard Linux permissions.

    Wireshark Capture Filters

    • tcp portrange 10000-15000 is a valid Wireshark capture filter.

    OpenVAS NVT Feed

    • The command openvas-nvt-sync is used to update NVTs from the OpenVAS NVT feed.

    File Permissions

    • The chown command is used to set the owner and group of a file in Linux.
    • The chmod command is used to set the permissions of a file in Linux.

    Executable Files

    • The permission bit that allows a file to be executed is Execute.

    Automation of Host Scans

    • Cron can be used to automate host scans on a Linux system.

    sysctl Command

    • The sysctl command is used to configure kernel parameters.
    • The data that can be altered by the sysctl command is accessible in /proc/sys.

    Access Control Lists

    • The purpose of an access control list (ACL) in Linux is to specify fine-grained permissions for users and groups.

    NFS Configuration

    • Kerberos authentication was added to NFS in version 4.

    OCSP Stapling

    • OCSP stapling is a mechanism that allows a server to provide proof of the revocation status of its own SSL/TLS certificate.

    FreeIPA Server

    • The command ipa-server-install is used to install and configure a new FreeIPA server, including all sub-components, and creates a new FreeIPA domain.

    OpenSSL Commands

    • The command openssl req –new –key private/keypair.pem –out req/csr.pem is used to generate a certificate signing request (CSR) using the already existing private key contained in the file private/keypair.pem.

    Cryptography

    • Cryptography is the art of sending secret messages.

    HID Monitoring

    • HID monitors for unauthorized access attempts.

    Benefits of HID

    • HID provides real-time detection of security incidents.
    • HID allows for quick response to security incidents.
    • HID helps prevent security incidents from occurring.

    Ciphertext and Plaintext

    • Ciphertext is the encrypted message.
    • Plaintext is the original message before encryption.

    Rootkits

    • A rootkit is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software.

    ebtables

    • The command ebtables -t filter -L -v is used to display all ebtables rules contained in the table filter, including their packet and byte counters.

    LDAP and Certificates

    • LDAP is commonly used to transmit X.509 certificates.

    Snort-stat

    • The purpose of the program snort-stat is to read syslog files containing Snort information and generate port scan statistics.

    chkrootkit

    • chkrootkit is a tool used to check for rootkits on a Linux system.

    LUKS Devices

    • The command cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda1 crypt-vol is used to map a LUKS device.
    • The command cryptsetup luksDelKey /dev/mapper/crypt-vol 1 is used to delete a key from a LUKS device.

    eCryptfs

    • eCryptfs is a stacked cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
    • For every file in an eCryptfs directory, there exists a corresponding file that contains the encrypted content.

    User Account Management

    • The command chage --maxdays -1 usera is used to disable the automatic password expiry for the user usera.

    TSIG and DNS

    • TSIG authenticates name servers in order to perform secured zone transfers by using a secret key that is shared between the servers.

    FreeIPA Components

    • FreeIPA includes a Kerberos KDC, a Directory Server, and a Public Key Infrastructure.

    DNSSEC

    • DNSSEC is used to provide authentication of DNS data and verify the integrity of DNS data.

    X.509 Certificates

    • An X.509 certificate contains information such as the subject, issuer, validity dates, and public key.
    • A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of X.509 certificates that have been revoked by a particular CA.

    AppArmor and SELinux

    • AppArmor and SELinux are both Mandatory Access Control (MAC) systems.
    • AppArmor is implemented in user space only, while SELinux is a Linux kernel module.

    Host Intrusion Detection

    • Host intrusion detection (HID) monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.

    Social Engineering

    • Social engineering is a type of attack that exploits human psychology to gain access to sensitive information.

    AIDE

    • AIDE is a file integrity checker that detects intrusions and system changes.

    DNS over TLS and DNS over HTTPS

    • DNS over TLS and DNS over HTTPS are used to provide secure communication between DNS clients and servers.

    LPIC-3 Security

    Mounting CIFS Shares

    • The uid option of mount.cifs specifies the user that appears as the local owner of the files of a mounted CIFS share when the server does not provide ownership information.

    Security Practices

    • Private keys should be created on the systems where they will be used and should never leave them.
    • Private keys should have a sufficient length for the algorithm used for key generation.
    • Private keys should not be stored as plain text files without encryption.

    DNSSEC

    • NSEC3 is used to prevent zone enumeration.

    Access Control

    • Forcing a file to be executed with the permissions of the file owner is achieved by setting the SetUID bit.
    • The difference between SetUID and SetGID is that SetUID allows a file to be executed with the permissions of the file owner, while SetGID allows a file to be executed with the permissions of the group owner.

    Symmetric and Asymmetric Keys

    • A symmetric key is used for encryption and decryption and is the same for both.
    • An asymmetric key, also known as a key pair, is used for encryption and decryption and is generated in a pair.

    Linux Audit System

    • The ausearch command is used to search and filter the audit log.

    Network Security

    • A honeypot is a network security tool designed to lure attackers into a trap.
    • IP sets group together IP addresses that can be referenced by netfilter rules.

    Authentication and Authorization

    • rkhunter is used to detect rootkits and other security threats.

    Digital Certificates

    • A certificate chain is a sequence of certificates used to verify the authenticity of a digital certificate.
    • A Certificate Authority (CA) issues and signs X.509 certificates.

    Threats and Attacks

    • A buffer overflow is a type of software vulnerability.
    • A man-in-the-middle attack intercepts communications between two parties to steal information.
    • A Trojan is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software.
    • A rogue access point is an unauthorized access point set up to look like a legitimate one.

    System Hardening

    • Linux Malware Detect is a tool used to detect malware on a Linux system.
    • pam_cracklib is a PAM module that checks new passwords against dictionary words and enforces complexity.

    DNS and DNSSEC

    • RRSIG is a DNS record type used in DNSSEC.
    • dnssec-keygen generates DNSSEC keys.

    File Permissions and Access Control

    • Linux file ownership is used to restrict access to files only to their owner.
    • chmod is used to set the permissions of a file in Linux.

    Network Security Tools

    • iptable is used to configure firewall rules.
    • nftables is used to configure packet filtering and classification.

    Let me know if you'd like me to clarify or expand on any of these points!### Virtual Host and SSL

    • The virtual host is used as a fallback default for all clients that do not support SNI.
    • The virtual host is served only on the common name and Subject Alternative.

    Apache HTTPD Configuration

    • To require a client certificate for authentication, use the configuration option SSLVerifyClient require.
    • SSLRequestClientCert is used to request a client certificate, but it does not require one.
    • SSLVerifyClient is used to specify the verification level for client certificates.

    Root CA Certificate

    • A Root CA certificate is a self-signed certificate.
    • It does not include the private key of the CA.
    • It must contain an X509v3 Authority extension.

    Host-Based Intrusion Detection (HID)

    • HID is a system that monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.
    • Best practice for implementing HID is to configure it to alert security personnel of potential security incidents.

    SELinux Permissions

    • SELinux permissions are verified after standard Linux permissions.
    • SELinux permissions do not override standard Linux permissions.

    Wireshark Capture Filters

    • tcp portrange 10000-15000 is a valid Wireshark capture filter.

    OpenVAS NVT Feed

    • The command openvas-nvt-sync is used to update NVTs from the OpenVAS NVT feed.

    File Permissions

    • The chown command is used to set the owner and group of a file in Linux.
    • The chmod command is used to set the permissions of a file in Linux.

    Executable Files

    • The permission bit that allows a file to be executed is Execute.

    Automation of Host Scans

    • Cron can be used to automate host scans on a Linux system.

    sysctl Command

    • The sysctl command is used to configure kernel parameters.
    • The data that can be altered by the sysctl command is accessible in /proc/sys.

    Access Control Lists

    • The purpose of an access control list (ACL) in Linux is to specify fine-grained permissions for users and groups.

    NFS Configuration

    • Kerberos authentication was added to NFS in version 4.

    OCSP Stapling

    • OCSP stapling is a mechanism that allows a server to provide proof of the revocation status of its own SSL/TLS certificate.

    FreeIPA Server

    • The command ipa-server-install is used to install and configure a new FreeIPA server, including all sub-components, and creates a new FreeIPA domain.

    OpenSSL Commands

    • The command openssl req –new –key private/keypair.pem –out req/csr.pem is used to generate a certificate signing request (CSR) using the already existing private key contained in the file private/keypair.pem.

    Cryptography

    • Cryptography is the art of sending secret messages.

    HID Monitoring

    • HID monitors for unauthorized access attempts.

    Benefits of HID

    • HID provides real-time detection of security incidents.
    • HID allows for quick response to security incidents.
    • HID helps prevent security incidents from occurring.

    Ciphertext and Plaintext

    • Ciphertext is the encrypted message.
    • Plaintext is the original message before encryption.

    Rootkits

    • A rootkit is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software.

    ebtables

    • The command ebtables -t filter -L -v is used to display all ebtables rules contained in the table filter, including their packet and byte counters.

    LDAP and Certificates

    • LDAP is commonly used to transmit X.509 certificates.

    Snort-stat

    • The purpose of the program snort-stat is to read syslog files containing Snort information and generate port scan statistics.

    chkrootkit

    • chkrootkit is a tool used to check for rootkits on a Linux system.

    LUKS Devices

    • The command cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda1 crypt-vol is used to map a LUKS device.
    • The command cryptsetup luksDelKey /dev/mapper/crypt-vol 1 is used to delete a key from a LUKS device.

    eCryptfs

    • eCryptfs is a stacked cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
    • For every file in an eCryptfs directory, there exists a corresponding file that contains the encrypted content.

    User Account Management

    • The command chage --maxdays -1 usera is used to disable the automatic password expiry for the user usera.

    TSIG and DNS

    • TSIG authenticates name servers in order to perform secured zone transfers by using a secret key that is shared between the servers.

    FreeIPA Components

    • FreeIPA includes a Kerberos KDC, a Directory Server, and a Public Key Infrastructure.

    DNSSEC

    • DNSSEC is used to provide authentication of DNS data and verify the integrity of DNS data.

    X.509 Certificates

    • An X.509 certificate contains information such as the subject, issuer, validity dates, and public key.
    • A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of X.509 certificates that have been revoked by a particular CA.

    AppArmor and SELinux

    • AppArmor and SELinux are both Mandatory Access Control (MAC) systems.
    • AppArmor is implemented in user space only, while SELinux is a Linux kernel module.

    Host Intrusion Detection

    • Host intrusion detection (HID) monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.

    Social Engineering

    • Social engineering is a type of attack that exploits human psychology to gain access to sensitive information.

    AIDE

    • AIDE is a file integrity checker that detects intrusions and system changes.

    DNS over TLS and DNS over HTTPS

    • DNS over TLS and DNS over HTTPS are used to provide secure communication between DNS clients and servers.

    LPIC-3 Security

    Mounting CIFS Shares

    • The uid option of mount.cifs specifies the user that appears as the local owner of the files of a mounted CIFS share when the server does not provide ownership information.

    Security Practices

    • Private keys should be created on the systems where they will be used and should never leave them.
    • Private keys should have a sufficient length for the algorithm used for key generation.
    • Private keys should not be stored as plain text files without encryption.

    DNSSEC

    • NSEC3 is used to prevent zone enumeration.

    Access Control

    • Forcing a file to be executed with the permissions of the file owner is achieved by setting the SetUID bit.
    • The difference between SetUID and SetGID is that SetUID allows a file to be executed with the permissions of the file owner, while SetGID allows a file to be executed with the permissions of the group owner.

    Symmetric and Asymmetric Keys

    • A symmetric key is used for encryption and decryption and is the same for both.
    • An asymmetric key, also known as a key pair, is used for encryption and decryption and is generated in a pair.

    Linux Audit System

    • The ausearch command is used to search and filter the audit log.

    Network Security

    • A honeypot is a network security tool designed to lure attackers into a trap.
    • IP sets group together IP addresses that can be referenced by netfilter rules.

    Authentication and Authorization

    • rkhunter is used to detect rootkits and other security threats.

    Digital Certificates

    • A certificate chain is a sequence of certificates used to verify the authenticity of a digital certificate.
    • A Certificate Authority (CA) issues and signs X.509 certificates.

    Threats and Attacks

    • A buffer overflow is a type of software vulnerability.
    • A man-in-the-middle attack intercepts communications between two parties to steal information.
    • A Trojan is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software.
    • A rogue access point is an unauthorized access point set up to look like a legitimate one.

    System Hardening

    • Linux Malware Detect is a tool used to detect malware on a Linux system.
    • pam_cracklib is a PAM module that checks new passwords against dictionary words and enforces complexity.

    DNS and DNSSEC

    • RRSIG is a DNS record type used in DNSSEC.
    • dnssec-keygen generates DNSSEC keys.

    File Permissions and Access Control

    • Linux file ownership is used to restrict access to files only to their owner.
    • chmod is used to set the permissions of a file in Linux.

    Network Security Tools

    • iptable is used to configure firewall rules.
    • nftables is used to configure packet filtering and classification.

    Let me know if you'd like me to clarify or expand on any of these points!### Virtual Host and SSL

    • The virtual host is used as a fallback default for all clients that do not support SNI.
    • The virtual host is served only on the common name and Subject Alternative.

    Apache HTTPD Configuration

    • To require a client certificate for authentication, use the configuration option SSLVerifyClient require.
    • SSLRequestClientCert is used to request a client certificate, but it does not require one.
    • SSLVerifyClient is used to specify the verification level for client certificates.

    Root CA Certificate

    • A Root CA certificate is a self-signed certificate.
    • It does not include the private key of the CA.
    • It must contain an X509v3 Authority extension.

    Host-Based Intrusion Detection (HID)

    • HID is a system that monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.
    • Best practice for implementing HID is to configure it to alert security personnel of potential security incidents.

    SELinux Permissions

    • SELinux permissions are verified after standard Linux permissions.
    • SELinux permissions do not override standard Linux permissions.

    Wireshark Capture Filters

    • tcp portrange 10000-15000 is a valid Wireshark capture filter.

    OpenVAS NVT Feed

    • The command openvas-nvt-sync is used to update NVTs from the OpenVAS NVT feed.

    File Permissions

    • The chown command is used to set the owner and group of a file in Linux.
    • The chmod command is used to set the permissions of a file in Linux.

    Executable Files

    • The permission bit that allows a file to be executed is Execute.

    Automation of Host Scans

    • Cron can be used to automate host scans on a Linux system.

    sysctl Command

    • The sysctl command is used to configure kernel parameters.
    • The data that can be altered by the sysctl command is accessible in /proc/sys.

    Access Control Lists

    • The purpose of an access control list (ACL) in Linux is to specify fine-grained permissions for users and groups.

    NFS Configuration

    • Kerberos authentication was added to NFS in version 4.

    OCSP Stapling

    • OCSP stapling is a mechanism that allows a server to provide proof of the revocation status of its own SSL/TLS certificate.

    FreeIPA Server

    • The command ipa-server-install is used to install and configure a new FreeIPA server, including all sub-components, and creates a new FreeIPA domain.

    OpenSSL Commands

    • The command openssl req –new –key private/keypair.pem –out req/csr.pem is used to generate a certificate signing request (CSR) using the already existing private key contained in the file private/keypair.pem.

    Cryptography

    • Cryptography is the art of sending secret messages.

    HID Monitoring

    • HID monitors for unauthorized access attempts.

    Benefits of HID

    • HID provides real-time detection of security incidents.
    • HID allows for quick response to security incidents.
    • HID helps prevent security incidents from occurring.

    Ciphertext and Plaintext

    • Ciphertext is the encrypted message.
    • Plaintext is the original message before encryption.

    Rootkits

    • A rootkit is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software.

    ebtables

    • The command ebtables -t filter -L -v is used to display all ebtables rules contained in the table filter, including their packet and byte counters.

    LDAP and Certificates

    • LDAP is commonly used to transmit X.509 certificates.

    Snort-stat

    • The purpose of the program snort-stat is to read syslog files containing Snort information and generate port scan statistics.

    chkrootkit

    • chkrootkit is a tool used to check for rootkits on a Linux system.

    LUKS Devices

    • The command cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda1 crypt-vol is used to map a LUKS device.
    • The command cryptsetup luksDelKey /dev/mapper/crypt-vol 1 is used to delete a key from a LUKS device.

    eCryptfs

    • eCryptfs is a stacked cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
    • For every file in an eCryptfs directory, there exists a corresponding file that contains the encrypted content.

    User Account Management

    • The command chage --maxdays -1 usera is used to disable the automatic password expiry for the user usera.

    TSIG and DNS

    • TSIG authenticates name servers in order to perform secured zone transfers by using a secret key that is shared between the servers.

    FreeIPA Components

    • FreeIPA includes a Kerberos KDC, a Directory Server, and a Public Key Infrastructure.

    DNSSEC

    • DNSSEC is used to provide authentication of DNS data and verify the integrity of DNS data.

    X.509 Certificates

    • An X.509 certificate contains information such as the subject, issuer, validity dates, and public key.
    • A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of X.509 certificates that have been revoked by a particular CA.

    AppArmor and SELinux

    • AppArmor and SELinux are both Mandatory Access Control (MAC) systems.
    • AppArmor is implemented in user space only, while SELinux is a Linux kernel module.

    Host Intrusion Detection

    • Host intrusion detection (HID) monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.

    Social Engineering

    • Social engineering is a type of attack that exploits human psychology to gain access to sensitive information.

    AIDE

    • AIDE is a file integrity checker that detects intrusions and system changes.

    DNS over TLS and DNS over HTTPS

    • DNS over TLS and DNS over HTTPS are used to provide secure communication between DNS clients and servers.

    Network Monitoring

    • It monitors remote hosts by periodically sending echo requests to them.

    Asymmetric Keys

    • An asymmetric key is a key used for both encryption and decryption that is generated in a pair.

    HID Techniques

    • Anomaly-based detection is a behavioral-based HID technique.

    File Permissions

    • The command setfacl is used to set access control lists (ACLs) on files.
    • The command setfattr is used to set extended attributes on files.
    • The command getfacl is used to view the access control list of a file.

    DNS

    • The PTR record is used to map an IP address to a hostname.
    • The DNSKEY record is used to sign a DNS zone in DNSSEC.

    Security

    • Phishing is a type of social engineering attack.
    • Social engineering is a type of attack that aims to deceive individuals into divulging sensitive information.

    Access Control

    • Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is an access control model established by using SELinux.

    VPNs

    • The --mlock option of the openvpn command is used to ensure that ephemeral keys are not written to the swap space.

    Linux File Attributes

    • Linux Extended File Attributes are organized in namespaces, including system, trusted, and user.

    Nmap Scan Techniques

    • Existing scan techniques with nmap include Xmas Scan and FIN Scan.

    User Management

    • The ipa user-add command is used to add a new user to FreeIPA.

    Security Threats

    • A man-in-the-middle attack is an attack that intercepts communications between two parties to steal information.
    • A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of X.509 certificates that have been revoked by a particular CA.
    • Host intrusion detection (HID) is a system that monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.
    • AIDE is used to detect intrusions and system changes.

    Network Monitoring

    • It monitors remote hosts by periodically sending echo requests to them.

    Asymmetric Keys

    • An asymmetric key is a key used for both encryption and decryption that is generated in a pair.

    HID Techniques

    • Anomaly-based detection is a behavioral-based HID technique.

    File Permissions

    • The command setfacl is used to set access control lists (ACLs) on files.
    • The command setfattr is used to set extended attributes on files.
    • The command getfacl is used to view the access control list of a file.

    DNS

    • The PTR record is used to map an IP address to a hostname.
    • The DNSKEY record is used to sign a DNS zone in DNSSEC.

    Security

    • Phishing is a type of social engineering attack.
    • Social engineering is a type of attack that aims to deceive individuals into divulging sensitive information.

    Access Control

    • Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is an access control model established by using SELinux.

    VPNs

    • The --mlock option of the openvpn command is used to ensure that ephemeral keys are not written to the swap space.

    Linux File Attributes

    • Linux Extended File Attributes are organized in namespaces, including system, trusted, and user.

    Nmap Scan Techniques

    • Existing scan techniques with nmap include Xmas Scan and FIN Scan.

    User Management

    • The ipa user-add command is used to add a new user to FreeIPA.

    Security Threats

    • A man-in-the-middle attack is an attack that intercepts communications between two parties to steal information.
    • A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of X.509 certificates that have been revoked by a particular CA.
    • Host intrusion detection (HID) is a system that monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.
    • AIDE is used to detect intrusions and system changes.

    Network Monitoring

    • It monitors remote hosts by periodically sending echo requests to them.

    Asymmetric Keys

    • An asymmetric key is a key used for both encryption and decryption that is generated in a pair.

    HID Techniques

    • Anomaly-based detection is a behavioral-based HID technique.

    File Permissions

    • The command setfacl is used to set access control lists (ACLs) on files.
    • The command setfattr is used to set extended attributes on files.
    • The command getfacl is used to view the access control list of a file.

    DNS

    • The PTR record is used to map an IP address to a hostname.
    • The DNSKEY record is used to sign a DNS zone in DNSSEC.

    Security

    • Phishing is a type of social engineering attack.
    • Social engineering is a type of attack that aims to deceive individuals into divulging sensitive information.

    Access Control

    • Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is an access control model established by using SELinux.

    VPNs

    • The --mlock option of the openvpn command is used to ensure that ephemeral keys are not written to the swap space.

    Linux File Attributes

    • Linux Extended File Attributes are organized in namespaces, including system, trusted, and user.

    Nmap Scan Techniques

    • Existing scan techniques with nmap include Xmas Scan and FIN Scan.

    User Management

    • The ipa user-add command is used to add a new user to FreeIPA.

    Security Threats

    • A man-in-the-middle attack is an attack that intercepts communications between two parties to steal information.
    • A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of X.509 certificates that have been revoked by a particular CA.
    • Host intrusion detection (HID) is a system that monitors and detects potential security threats on a single computer or server.
    • AIDE is used to detect intrusions and system changes.

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    Practice questions for the LPIC-3 Security certification exam, covering various security topics and Linux system administration.

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