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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of using a gas mask in hazardous environments?
What is the primary purpose of using a gas mask in hazardous environments?
What is the condition of inert gas produced by a boiler or gas generator?
What is the condition of inert gas produced by a boiler or gas generator?
Cargo sampling is essential for which of the following reasons?
Cargo sampling is essential for which of the following reasons?
When adjusting for cargo density discrepancies, which correction method is used?
When adjusting for cargo density discrepancies, which correction method is used?
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What is the boiling point of ethylene at atmospheric pressure?
What is the boiling point of ethylene at atmospheric pressure?
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Which valve is typically not used for controlling the flow of liquids in a pipeline?
Which valve is typically not used for controlling the flow of liquids in a pipeline?
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What characteristic distinguishes independent tanks from other types of tanks on a ship?
What characteristic distinguishes independent tanks from other types of tanks on a ship?
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What is the significance of the boiling point of methane in the context of gas transport?
What is the significance of the boiling point of methane in the context of gas transport?
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Which of the following is a condition necessary for electrostatic discharge to occur in a chemical environment?
Which of the following is a condition necessary for electrostatic discharge to occur in a chemical environment?
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Which equipment is commonly used for the operation of cargo tank valves?
Which equipment is commonly used for the operation of cargo tank valves?
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What color cloud will be visible from an LPG spill due to atmospheric water vapor?
What color cloud will be visible from an LPG spill due to atmospheric water vapor?
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Which of the following correctly describes the explosive compounds formed by ammonium?
Which of the following correctly describes the explosive compounds formed by ammonium?
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Which area is classified as gas dangerous for operational safety?
Which area is classified as gas dangerous for operational safety?
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Study Notes
Symptoms of SPCA in LPG and LNG Cargo
- Increased rate and depth of respiration alongside loss of consciousness are indicative symptoms.
- Blueness of the skin can also signal exposure to dangerous conditions.
- Sartorius breathing may be accompanied by a snoring sound, indicating respiratory distress.
Commonly Used Valves
- Butterfly valves are predominantly used with hydraulic actuated control systems, favoring efficient operation.
- Globe valves are preferred for throttling gas or liquid flow in pipelines, allowing for better flow regulation.
Boiling Points
- Methane has a boiling point of -82.5°C, making it a cryogenic liquid at atmospheric pressure.
- Ammonia boils at -34°C under atmospheric conditions, necessitating careful handling due to its lower temperature.
- Ethylene, when fully refrigerated, remains in a liquid state at its boiling point of -103.7°C.
Tank Types
- Independent tanks are self-supporting and do not integrate into the ship's hull structure, providing flexibility in design and safety.
Explosive Compounds with Ammonium
- Ammonium can form explosive compounds with several substances, including mercury and halogens like chlorine and bromine, underscoring the need for caution.
LPG Spills
- A spill of LPG is visibly identified as a blue cloud, which consists of water vapor condensed from atmospheric moisture.
Electrical Discharge Conditions
- Electrostatic accumulation is critical for an electrical discharge to occur, necessitating vigilance in hazardous environments.
Gas Dangerous Areas
- Designated areas known as 'gas dangerous areas' must be treated with caution due to potential explosive gas accumulations.
Essential Equipment for Gas Handling
- While operating on electric tankers, vacuum pumps are not required. Key equipment includes gas heaters and compressors.
- It is essential for personnel working with ammonia to wear gas masks for protection against inhalation hazards.
Inert Gas Production
- Inert gases produced by boilers or generators are free of oxygen and clean, integral for preventing combustion.
Importance of Cargo Sampling
- Cargo sampling is crucial for ensuring safe transfer conditions and verifying that the cargo meets the specifications agreed upon commercially.
Cargo Heater Safety Concerns
- Over-pressurizing the water side of a cargo heater is a primary danger when using seawater as a heating medium.
Density Adjustments
- If cargo density diverges from specified values, float correction is the necessary adjustment to ensure proper loading and balance.
Pressure Surge Management
- To limit pressure surge during loading or discharging, it's crucial to first close the ESD valve nearest to the pump, then finally close the ESD valve, maintaining safety protocols.
Summary of Key Gases and Their Conditions
- Ethylene is transported in a fully refrigerated state at its atmospheric boiling point of -104°C, indicative of its cryogenic properties.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the symptoms of SPCA in LPG and LNG cargo. This quiz also covers the types of valves used in hydraulic systems and basic properties of methane, such as its boiling point. Perfect for professionals in the gas industry.
