90 Questions
Which position is the patient in when ankle eversion (S1 myotome) is tested?
Supine
Which myotome is being tested when the patient holds both big toes in a neutral position and the examiner applies resistance to the nails of both toes?
L5
In which position is hip extension (S1 myotome) tested?
Prone
What is the recommended knee flexion angle for testing knee flexion (S1-S2 myotomes)?
90°
Which test is positive if the patient experiences low back pain on axial loading of the spine in standing?
Straight leg raising test
Which functional test involves the patient walking 7.5 m (25 ft) as fast as possible, turning, and returning to the starting position while being timed?
Timed 15-m (50-ft) walk
Which test is considered by some to be the most important physical sign of disc herniation?
Straight leg raising test
Which test is used to check the mechanical movement of neurological tissues and their sensitivity to mechanical stress or compression?
Neurodynamic test
Which test should be done if there are neurological symptoms present?
All of the above
Which test is used for lumbar instability?
H and I test
Which test is used for joint dysfunction?
Clinical prediction rule for facet (zygapophyseal) joint involvement
Which test is used for muscle tightness?
Ober test
Which joints should be scanned during the peripheral joint scanning examination?
Knee joints
During the scanning of sacroiliac joints, what indicates fixation of the joint?
Elevation of PSIS
What is the purpose of scanning the peripheral joints?
To identify obvious pathology in the extremities
How should the hip joints be moved during the examination?
All of the above
What is the purpose of the Gillet's or sacral fixation test?
To assess the range of motion of the sacroiliac joints
What should lead to a detailed examination of a joint during the scanning of peripheral joints?
Any deviation from normal
Which movement should be tested with the knee flexed approximately 30°, especially if the patient complains of sciatic pain?
Ankle dorsiflexion
Which myotome is responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
S1
How should the examiner test hip flexion (L2 myotome)?
Flex the patient's hip to 30° to 40° and apply a resisted force into extension proximal to the knee
Which movement should be tested with the patient standing?
Ankle plantar flexion
Which myotome is responsible for great toe extension?
L4
How should the examiner test knee extension (L3 myotome)?
Flex the patient's knee to 25° to 35° and apply a resisted flexion force at the midshaft of the tibia
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the sciatic nerve?
Bowstring test
Which test is a modification of the straight leg raising test and indicates tension or pressure on the sciatic nerve?
Bowstring test
Which test involves flexing the head onto the chest and raising the extended leg actively by flexing the hip until pain is felt?
Brudzinski-Kernig test
Which test involves applying direct pressure against the patient's knees or buttocks to produce radicular pain into the posterior leg?
Compression test
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the femoral nerve and may also indicate nerve root problems?
Femoral Nerve Traction test
Which test is used to differentiate between a tight iliotibial band and femoral nerve injury?
Femoral Nerve Traction test
Which myotome is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
L4
Which myotome is responsible for knee extension?
L3
Which myotome is responsible for great toe extension?
L5
Which myotome is responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
L5
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the sciatic nerve?
Straight leg raise test
Which test is positive if the patient experiences low back pain on axial loading of the spine in standing?
Valsalva maneuver
During the scanning of sacroiliac joints, what indicates fixation of the joint?
Dropping of the PSIS
Which movement should be tested with the knee flexed approximately 30°, especially if the patient complains of sciatic pain?
Hip extension
Which test is used to check the mechanical movement of neurological tissues and their sensitivity to mechanical stress or compression?
Neurological stress test
Which myotome is responsible for great toe extension?
L5
Which test is positive if the patient experiences low back pain on axial loading of the spine in standing?
Axial compression test
Which test is used for muscle tightness?
Muscle length test
Which of the following is a test used to assess ankle eversion (S1 myotome)?
Supine position test
Which myotome is responsible for great toe extension?
L5 myotome
Which myotome is being tested when the patient holds both big toes in a neutral position and the examiner applies resistance to the nails of both toes?
L5 myotome
Which myotome is responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
S1 myotome
In which position is hip extension (S1 myotome) tested?
Prone position
Which functional test involves the patient walking 7.5 m (25 ft) as fast as possible, turning, and returning to the starting position while being timed?
Timed 15-m walk
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the sciatic nerve and is a modification of the straight leg raising test?
Bowstring test
Which test involves flexing the knee slightly (20°) while maintaining the thigh in the same position to reestablish painful radicular symptoms?
Bowstring test
Which test is positive if pain results from extending the knee while the patient's leg is clasped between the examiner's knees?
Brudzinski-Kernig test
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the femoral nerve and may also indicate nerve root problems?
Femoral Nerve Traction test
Which test is positive if neurological pain radiates down the anterior thigh and is a traction test for the nerve roots at the midlumbar area (L2-L4)?
Femoral Nerve Traction test
Which test is positive if pain in the groin and hip radiates along the anterior medial thigh, indicating an L3 or L4 nerve root problem?
Femoral Nerve Traction test
Which test is considered to be one of the most important physical signs of disc herniation, regardless of the degree of disc injury?
Straight leg raising test
Which test is used to check the mechanical movement and sensitivity to mechanical stress or compression of the neurological tissues?
Neurodynamic tests
Which movement should be tested with dorsi-flexion as a sensitizing maneuver in the slump test?
Neurological tissue moves toward the ankle
Which areas are considered tension points where there is minimal movement of the neurological tissue?
C6, the elbow, the shoulder, T6, L4, and the knee
Which statement is true regarding neurodynamic tests?
They should reproduce the patient's symptoms to be considered positive
Which statement is true regarding the order in which neurodynamic test maneuvers are performed?
The results are different depending on the order
Which myotome is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
L4
Which myotome is responsible for hip flexion?
L2
Which myotome is responsible for knee extension?
L3
Which myotome is responsible for great toe extension?
S1
Which myotome is responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
S1
Which myotome is responsible for ankle eversion?
S1
During the scanning of sacroiliac joints, what indicates fixation of the joint?
The PSIS elevates
Which movement should be tested with dorsi-flexion as a sensitizing maneuver in the slump test?
Ankle plantar flexion
Which joint(s) are scanned during the peripheral joint scanning examination?
All of the above
How should the examiner test hip flexion (L2 myotome)?
By fully flexing the hip and noting the movement of the PSIS
Which myotome is responsible for great toe extension?
L4
What should lead to a detailed examination of a joint during the scanning of peripheral joints?
Any deviation from normal
Which test is used to check the mechanical movement and sensitivity to mechanical stress or compression of the neurological tissues?
Slump test
Which test involves flexing the knee slightly (20°) while maintaining the thigh in the same position to reestablish painful radicular symptoms?
Prone knee bending test
Which test is used for lumbar instability?
H and I test
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the sciatic nerve?
Straight leg raise or variant
Which test is considered by some to be the most important physical sign of disc herniation?
Slump test
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the femoral nerve and may also indicate nerve root problems?
Femoral nerve traction test
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the sciatic nerve and is a modification of the straight leg raising test?
Bowstring test
Which test is positive if neurological pain radiates down the anterior thigh and indicates a nerve root problem?
Femoral Nerve Traction test
Which test is used to check the mechanical movement of neurological tissues and their sensitivity to mechanical stress or compression?
Compression test
Which test is used to assess tension or pressure on the femoral nerve and may also indicate nerve root problems?
Bowstring test
Which test involves flexing the knee slightly (20°) while maintaining the thigh in the same position to reestablish painful radicular symptoms?
Bowstring test
Which test is positive if radicular pain into the posterior leg is produced and indicates a possible disc herniation?
Compression test
Which test involves the patient starting in a standing position and then flexing forward as far as possible and returning to the upright posture as fast as tolerable, repeating the motion 10 times?
Repeated trunk flexion
Which test involves the patient standing next to a wall, reaching forward with a weight at shoulder height as far as possible while keeping the heels on the floor?
Loaded reach test
Which test involves the patient starting by sitting in a chair, standing fully, and returning to sitting, repeating the sequence 10 times as fast as possible?
Repeated sit-to-stand
Which test involves the patient walking 7.5 m (25 ft) as fast as he or she can, turning, and returning to the starting position while being timed?
Timed 15-m walk
Which test is positive if pain results from extending the knee while the patient's leg is clasped between the examiner's knees?
Knee flexion (S1-S2 myotomes) test
Which test is positive if the patient experiences low back pain on axial loading of the spine in standing?
Low back pain on axial loading of the spine in standing
Test your knowledge of lower limb myotomes with this quiz! Identify the specific myotomes being tested based on the described movements and positions.
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