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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the folds of Kerckring in the small intestine?
What is the function of the folds of Kerckring in the small intestine?
- Increase the surface area for digestion and absorption (correct)
- Facilitate peristaltic reflex
- Regulate hormonal stimulation
- Produce digestive enzymes
Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to neutralize gastric HCL in the small intestine?
Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to neutralize gastric HCL in the small intestine?
- CCK
- Insulin
- Gastrin
- Secretin (correct)
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
- Absorption of water and electrolytes (correct)
- Secretion of digestive enzymes
- Peristaltic reflex regulation
- Hormonal stimulation
Which part of the lower GI tract is responsible for mixing chyme through segmental contractions?
Which part of the lower GI tract is responsible for mixing chyme through segmental contractions?
What structures contribute to the maximum surface area for digestion and absorption in the small intestine?
What structures contribute to the maximum surface area for digestion and absorption in the small intestine?
Which enzyme is responsible for starch digestion in the small intestine?
Which enzyme is responsible for starch digestion in the small intestine?
What is the primary method of absorption for glucose and galactose in the small intestine?
What is the primary method of absorption for glucose and galactose in the small intestine?
Where does B12 absorption primarily occur?
Where does B12 absorption primarily occur?
What is the main function of haustration in the large intestine?
What is the main function of haustration in the large intestine?
Which substance found in food stimulates the beneficial flora of the large intestines?
Which substance found in food stimulates the beneficial flora of the large intestines?
Pancreatic lipase is the only enzyme responsible for lipid digestion in the small intestine
Pancreatic lipase is the only enzyme responsible for lipid digestion in the small intestine
The large intestine primarily functions in the digestion and absorption of nutrients
The large intestine primarily functions in the digestion and absorption of nutrients
Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine may result from delayed motility of the GI tract
Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine may result from delayed motility of the GI tract
Prebiotics are substances found in food that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the large intestines
Prebiotics are substances found in food that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the large intestines
The small intestine is responsible for the reabsorption of water, electrolytes, and some vitamins
The small intestine is responsible for the reabsorption of water, electrolytes, and some vitamins
Which enzyme is responsible for lipid digestion in the small intestine?
Which enzyme is responsible for lipid digestion in the small intestine?
What is the primary method of absorption for fructose in the small intestine?
What is the primary method of absorption for fructose in the small intestine?
What is the main function of haustration in the large intestine?
What is the main function of haustration in the large intestine?
What substance found in food stimulates the beneficial flora of the large intestines?
What substance found in food stimulates the beneficial flora of the large intestines?
Where does B12 absorption primarily occur?
Where does B12 absorption primarily occur?
Which cells in the small intestine are responsible for the maximum surface area for digestion and absorption?
Which cells in the small intestine are responsible for the maximum surface area for digestion and absorption?
What stimulates the release of bicarbonate to neutralize gastric HCL in the small intestine?
What stimulates the release of bicarbonate to neutralize gastric HCL in the small intestine?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of digestive enzymes, including pancreatic lipase, in the small intestine?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of digestive enzymes, including pancreatic lipase, in the small intestine?
What is the primary site for absorption of vitamin B12?
What is the primary site for absorption of vitamin B12?
What are the specialized cells in the small intestine lining that are responsible for nutrient absorption and have a high turnover rate?
What are the specialized cells in the small intestine lining that are responsible for nutrient absorption and have a high turnover rate?
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Study Notes
Lower GI Overview
- The lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes the small intestine and large intestine, crucial for nutrient absorption and waste elimination.
Small Intestine Anatomy
- Comprises three segments: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
- Maximum surface area for digestion facilitated by:
- Folds of Kerckring (circular folds).
- Villi (small finger-like projections).
- Microvilli (tiny projections on enterocytes forming the brush border).
Specialized Enterocytes
- Enterocytes are specialized cells in the intestinal lining, originating from stem cells in the crypts.
- High turnover rate indicates significant nutrient absorption needs.
Small Intestine Motility
- Hormonal stimulation plays a role in motility, notably through gastrin.
- Peristaltic reflex and segmental contractions mix chyme, aiding digestion and nutrient absorption.
Small Intestine Secretions
- Hormones involved in regulation include cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin.
- Key secretions:
- Digestive enzymes for breaking down food.
- Bicarbonate to neutralize gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl).
- Bile, which emulsifies fats for better absorption.
- Other essential secretions from the small intestine assist in digestion but specifics are not detailed.
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