Lower Extremity Bony Landmarks

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Questions and Answers

What specific bony landmark is the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine?

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

What specific bony landmark is the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine?

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

What specific bony landmark is the Iliac Crest?

Iliac Crest

What specific bony landmark is the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine?

<p>Posterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine?

<p>Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Greater Sciatic Notch?

<p>Greater Sciatic Notch</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Lesser Sciatic Notch?

<p>Lesser Sciatic Notch</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Ischial Spine?

<p>Ischial Spine</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Anterior Gluteal Line?

<p>Anterior Gluteal Line</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Posterior Gluteal Line?

<p>Posterior Gluteal Line</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Inferior Gluteal Line?

<p>Inferior Gluteal Line</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Iliac Fossa?

<p>Iliac Fossa</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Auricular Surface?

<p>Auricular Surface</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Ischial Tuberosity?

<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Obturator Foramen?

<p>Obturator Foramen</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Acetabulum?

<p>Acetabulum</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Superior Ischial Ramus?

<p>Superior Ischial Ramus</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Inferior Ischial Ramus?

<p>Inferior Ischial Ramus</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Pubic Tubercle?

<p>Pubic Tubercle</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Pubic Symphysis?

<p>Pubic Symphysis</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Inferior Ramus (of Pubis)?

<p>Inferior Ramus</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Head of the Femur?

<p>Head of the Femur</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Neck of the Femur?

<p>Neck of the Femur</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Greater Trochanter?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Lesser Trochanter?

<p>Lesser Trochanter</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Shaft of the Femur?

<p>Shaft of the Femur</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Adductor Tubercle?

<p>Adductor Tubercle</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Medial Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur?

<p>Medial Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur?

<p>Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Medial Epicondyle (of the Femur)?

<p>Medial Epicondyle</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Lateral Epicondyle (of the Femur)?

<p>Lateral Epicondyle</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Medial Condyle (of the Femur)?

<p>Medial Condyle</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Lateral Condyle (of the Femur)?

<p>Lateral Condyle</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Linea Aspera?

<p>Lip Linea Aspera</p>
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What specific bony landmark is the Patellar Surface?

<p>Patellar Surface</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Lateral part of the Sacrum</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Upper Fibers: Iliotibial Tract Lower Fibers: Gluteal Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the gluteus Maximus?

<p>Inferior Gluteal</p>
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What is the action of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Hip Extension and External Rotation</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Sartorius?

<p>Anterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the insertion of the Sartorius?

<p>Pes Anserine</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Sartorius?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the action of the Sartorius?

<p>Hip flexion, ABduction, external rotation, and knee flexion (Figure 4 position)</p>
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Where is the Origin of the rectus Femoris?

<p>Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity (Via patellar Ligament)</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Knee Extension and Hip Flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Linea Aspera</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the action of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the origin of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve Innervation of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the origin of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Femoral Shaft</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve Innervation of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Biceps Femoris? (Has 2)

<p>Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity Short Head: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Head of the Fibula</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Long head does Hip Extension, whole muscle does Knee Flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Medial Tibial Condyle</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Knee Flexion and Hip Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Pes Anserine</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Knee Flexion and Hip Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Psoas Major?

<p>Vertebrae T12-L4</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Psoas Major?

<p>Lesser Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Psoas Major?

<p>Lumbar Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Psoas Major?

<p>Hip Flexion and Flexes the Trunk</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Iliacus?

<p>Iliac Fossa</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Iliacus?

<p>Lesser Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Iliacus?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Iliacus?

<p>Hip Flexion and Flexes the Trunk</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Ilium (Between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines)</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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What is the Action of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>ABduction of the Hip</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Ilium (Below origin of Gluteus Medius)</p>
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Where is the insertion of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

<p>Anterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

<p>Iliotibial Tract</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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What is the Action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

<p>Hip ABduction and flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Piriformis?

<p>Pelvic Surface of the Sacrum</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Piriformis?

<p>Apex of Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Piriformis?

<p>Sacral Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Piriformis?

<p>Hip External Rotation, ABduction and Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Internal Surface of the Obturator Foramen</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Sacral Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Hip External Rotation and Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Superior Gemelli?

<p>Ischial Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gemelli (Superior and Inferior)?

<p>Medial Surface of the Greater Trochanter</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

<p>Anterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

<p>Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Iliac Crest

<p>Iliac Crest</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Posterior Superior Iliac Spine

<p>Posterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

<p>Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Greater Sciatic Notch

<p>Greater Sciatic Notch</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Lesser Sciatic Notch

<p>Lesser Sciatic Notch</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Ischial Spine

<p>Ischial Spine</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Anterior Gluteal Line

<p>Anterior Gluteal Line</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Posterior Gluteal Line

<p>Posterior Gluteal Line</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Inferior Gluteal Line

<p>Inferior Gluteal Line</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Iliac Fossa

<p>Iliac Fossa</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Auricular Surface

<p>Auricular Surface</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Ischial Tuberosity

<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Obturator Foramen

<p>Obturator Foramen</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Acetabulum

<p>Acetabulum</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Superior Ischial Ramus

<p>Superior Ischial Ramus</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Inferior Ischial Ramus

<p>Inferior Ischial Ramus</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Pubic Tubercle

<p>Pubic Tubercle</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Pubic Symphysis

<p>Pubic Symphysis</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Inferior Ramus (Pubis)

<p>Inferior Ramus</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Head of the Femur

<p>Head of the Femur</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Neck of the Femur

<p>Neck of the Femur</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Greater Trochanter

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Lesser Trochanter

<p>Lesser Trochanter</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Shaft of the Femur

<p>Shaft of the Femur</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Adductor Tubercle

<p>Adductor Tubercle</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Medial Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur

<p>Medial Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur

<p>Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Medial Epicondyle

<p>Medial Epicondyle</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Lateral Epicondyle

<p>Lateral Epicondyle</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Medial Condyle

<p>Medial Condyle</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Lateral Condyle

<p>Lateral Condyle</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Linea Aspera

<p>Linea Aspera</p>
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Identify the Boney Landmark: Patellar Surface

<p>Patellar Surface</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Lateral part of the Sacrum</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Upper Fibers: Iliotibial Tract Lower Fibers: Gluteal Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the gluteus Maximus?

<p>Inferior Gluteal</p>
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What is the action of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Hip Extension and External Rotation</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Sartorius?

<p>Anterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the insertion of the Sartorius?

<p>Pes Anserine</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Sartorius?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the action of the Sartorius?

<p>Hip flexion, ABduction, external rotation, and knee flexion (Figure 4 position)</p>
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Where is the Origin of the rectus Femoris?

<p>Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity (Via patellar Ligament)</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Knee Extension and Hip Flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Linea Aspera</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the action of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the origin of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve Innervation of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the origin of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Femoral Shaft</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve Innervation of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Biceps Femoris? (Has 2)

<p>Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity Short Head: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Head of the Fibula</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Long head does Hip Extension, whole muscle does Knee Flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Medial Tibial Condyle</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Knee Flexion and Hip Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Pes Anserine</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Knee Flexion and Hip Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Psoas Major?

<p>Vertebrae T12-L4</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Psoas Major?

<p>Lesser Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Psoas Major?

<p>Lumbar Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Psoas Major?

<p>Hip Flexion and Flexes the Trunk</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Iliacus?

<p>Iliac Fossa</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Iliacus?

<p>Lesser Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Iliacus?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Iliacus?

<p>Hip Flexion and Flexes the Trunk</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Ilium (Between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines)</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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What is the Action of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Abduction of the Hip</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Ilium (Between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines)</p>
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Where is the insertion of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Tensor Fasiae Latae?

<p>Anterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Tensor Fasiae Latae?

<p>Iliotibial Tract</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Tensor Fasiae Latae?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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What is the Action of the Tensor Fasiae Latae?

<p>Hip Abduction and flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Piriformis?

<p>Pelvic Surface of the Sacrum</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Piriformis?

<p>Apex of Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Piriformis?

<p>Sacral Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Piriformis?

<p>Hip External Rotation, Abduction and Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Internal Surface of the Obturator Foramen</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Sacral Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Hip External Rotation and Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Superior Gemellus?

<p>Ischial Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gemelli?

<p>Medial Surface of the Greater Trochanter</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Iliac Crest?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Greater Sciatic Notch?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Lesser Sciatic Notch?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Ischial Spine?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Anterior Gluteal Line?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Posterior Gluteal Line?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Inferior Gluteal Line?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Iliac Fossa?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Auricular Surface?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Ischial Tuberosity?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Obturator Foramen?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Acetabulum?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Superior Ischial Ramus?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Inferior Ischial Ramus?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Pubic Tubercle?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Pubic Symphysis?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Inferior Ramus?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Head of the Femur?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Neck of the Femur?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Greater Trochanter?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Lesser Trochanter?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Shaft of the Femur?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Adductor Tubercle?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Medial Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Medial Epicondyle?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Lateral Epicondyle?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Medial Condyle?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Lateral Condyle?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Linea Aspera?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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What type of anatomical feature is the Patellar Surface?

<p>Bony Landmark</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Lateral part of the Sacrum</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Upper Fibers: Iliotibial Tract Lower Fibers: Gluteal Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the gluteus Maximus?

<p>Inferior Gluteal</p>
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What is the action of the Gluteus Maximus?

<p>Hip Extension and External Rotation</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Sartorius?

<p>Anterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the insertion of the Sartorius?

<p>Pes Anserine</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Sartorius?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the action of the Sartorius?

<p>Hip flexion, ABduction, external rotation, and knee flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the rectus Femoris?

<p>Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity (Via patellar Ligament)</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Rectus Femoris?

<p>Knee Extension and Hip Flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Linea Aspera</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the action of the Vastus Medialis?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the origin of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve Innervation of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Vastus Lateralis?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the origin of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Femoral Shaft</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Tibial Tuberosity</p>
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What is the nerve Innervation of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Vastus Intermedius?

<p>Knee Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Biceps Femoris? (Has 2)

<p>Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity Short Head: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Head of the Fibula</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Biceps Femoris?

<p>Long head does Hip Extension, whole muscle does Knee Flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Medial Tibial Condyle</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Semimembranosus?

<p>Knee Flexion and Hip Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Pes Anserine</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Sciatic</p>
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What is the Action of the Semitendinosus?

<p>Knee Flexion and Hip Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Psoas Major?

<p>Vertebrae T12-L4</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Psoas Major?

<p>Lesser Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Psoas Major?

<p>Lumbar Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Psoas Major?

<p>Hip Flexion and Flexes the Trunk</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Iliacus?

<p>Iliac Fossa</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Iliacus?

<p>Lesser Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Iliacus?

<p>Femoral</p>
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What is the Action of the Iliacus?

<p>Hip Flexion and Flexes the Trunk</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Ilium (Between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines)</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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What is the Action of the Gluteus Medius?

<p>ABduction of the Hip</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Ilium (Below origin of Gluteus Medius)</p>
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Where is the insertion of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Gluteus Minimus?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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ABduction and medial rotation of the Hip

<p>What is the Action of the Gluteus Minimus?</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

<p>Anterior Superior Iliac Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

<p>Iliotibial Tract</p>
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What is the nerve innervation of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

<p>Superior Gluteal</p>
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What is the Action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

<p>Hip ABduction and flexion</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Piriformis?

<p>Pelvic Surface of the Sacrum</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Piriformis?

<p>Apex of Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve Innervation of the Piriformis?

<p>Sacral Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Piriformis?

<p>Hip External Rotation, ABduction and Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Internal Surface of the Obturator Foramen</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter</p>
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What is the Nerve innervation of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Sacral Plexus</p>
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What is the Action of the Obturator Internus?

<p>Hip External Rotation and Extension</p>
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Where is the Origin of the Superior Gemellus?

<p>Ischial Spine</p>
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Where is the Insertion of the Gemelli?

<p>Medial Surface of the Greater Trochanter</p>
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Flashcards

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Boney landmark located on the anterior side of the pelvis.

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Boney landmark located just below the ASIS.

Iliac Crest

The superior border of the ilium bone.

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine

Boney landmark located on the posterior side of the pelvis.

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Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Boney landmark located just inferior to the PSIS.

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Greater Sciatic Notch

A large notch in the ilium, located inferior to the PIIS.

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Lesser Sciatic Notch

A smaller notch inferior to the ischial spine.

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Ischial Spine

A pointy projection of bone located inferior to the greater sciatic notch.

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Anterior Gluteal Line

A line on the external surface of the ilium.

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Posterior Gluteal Line

A line on the external surface of the ilium.

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Inferior Gluteal Line

A line on the external surface of the ilium.

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Iliac Fossa

The concave surface on the internal aspect of the ilium.

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Auricular Surface

A roughened area on the medial surface of the ilium for articulation with the sacrum.

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Ischial Tuberosity

The bony prominence at the inferior aspect of the ischium.

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Obturator Foramen

A large opening in the hip bone, between the ischium and pubis.

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Acetabulum

The hip socket, where the head of the femur articulates.

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Superior Ischial Ramus

The superior, or upper, branch of the ischium bone.

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Inferior Ischial Ramus

The inferior, or lower, branch of the ischium bone.

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Pubic Tubercle

A small tubercle on the superior pubic ramus.

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Pubic Symphysis

The cartilaginous joint where the two pubic bones meet.

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Inferior Ramus

The inferior branch of the pubic bone.

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Head of the Femur

The rounded, proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum.

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Neck of the Femur

The constricted area between the head and the shaft of the femur.

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Greater Trochanter

A large bony prominence located laterally on the proximal femur.

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Lesser Trochanter

A smaller bony prominence located medially on the proximal femur.

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Shaft of the Femur

The long, cylindrical part of the femur located between the proximal and distal ends.

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Adductor Tubercle

A small prominence located on the medial aspect of the distal femur.

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Medial Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur

A bony ridge located superior to the medial epicondyle of the femur.

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Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur

The bony ridge located superior to the lateral epicondyle of the femur.

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Medial Epicondyle

A bony projection located on the medial side of the distal femur.

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Lateral Epicondyle

A bony projection located on the lateral side of the distal femur.

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Medial Condyle

One of the two projections on the distal end of the femur that articulate with the tibia.

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Lateral Condyle

One of the two projections on the distal end of the femur that articulates with the tibia.

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Lip Linea Aspera

A prominent ridge running along the posterior aspect of the femoral shaft.

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Patellar Surface

The smooth, anterior surface of the distal femur where the patella articulates.

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Gluteus Maximus Origin

It originates from the lateral part of the sacrum.

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Gluteus Maximus Insertion

The gluteus maximus inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity.

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Gluteus Maximus Nerve

The nerve innervation is the inferior gluteal nerve.

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Gluteus Maximus Action

It extends and externally rotates the hip.

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Sartorius Origin

The origin of this muscle is the anterior superior iliac spine.

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Sartorius Insertion

It inserts on the pes anserinus.

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Sartorius Nerve

The nerve that innervates this muscle is the femoral nerve.

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Sartorius Action

It flexes, abducts, and externally rotates the hip and flexes the knee.

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Rectus Femoris Origin

The origin of this quadriceps muscle is the anterior inferior iliac spine.

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Rectus Femoris Insertion

It inserts on the tibial tuberosity.

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Rectus Femoris Nerve

The femoral nerve innervates this muscle.

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Rectus Femoris Action

It extends the knee and flexes the hip.

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Vastus Medialis Origin

This muscle originates on the linea aspera.

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Vastus Medialis Insertion

It inserts on the tibial tuberosity.

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Vastus Medialis Nerve

The femoral nerve innervates this muscle.

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Vastus Medialis Action

It extends the knee.

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Vastus Lateralis Origin

This muscle originates on the greater trochanter.

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Vastus Lateralis Insertion

It inserts on the tibial tuberosity.

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Vastus Lateralis Nerve

The femoral nerve innervates the vastus lateralis.

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Vastus Lateralis Action

It extends the knee.

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Vastus Intermedius Origin

This muscle originates on the femoral shaft.

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Vastus Intermedius Insertion

It inserts on the tibial tuberosity.

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Vastus Intermedius Nerve

The femoral nerve innervates this muscle.

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Vastus Intermedius Action

It extends the knee.

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Biceps Femoris Origin

It originates from the ischial tuberosity (long head) and linea aspera (short head).

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Biceps Femoris Insertion

It inserts on the Head of the Fibula.

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Biceps Femoris Nerve

It is innervated by the sciatic nerve.

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Biceps Femoris Action

The long head extends the hip, and the whole muscle flexes the knee.

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Semimembranosus Origin

This muscle originates on the ischial tuberosity.

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Semimembranosus Insertion

It inserts on the medial tibial condyle.

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Semimembranosus Nerve

It is innervated by the sciatic nerve.

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Semimembranosus Action

It flexes the knee and extends the hip.

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Semitendinosus Origin

It originates on the ischial tuberosity.

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Semitendinosus Insertion

It inserts on the Pes Anserine.

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Semitendinosus Nerve

This muscle is innervated by the Sciatic nerve

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Semitendinosus Action

The action of this muscle is to flex the knee and extend the hip.

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Psoas Major Origin

This muscle originates on the vertebrae T12-L4.

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Psoas Major Insertion

It inserts on the lesser trochanter.

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Psoas Major Nerve

It is ennervated by branches of the lumbar plexus nerve.

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Psoas Major Action

It flexes the hip and flexes the trunk.

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Iliacus Origin

This muscle originates from the iliac fossa.

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Iliacus Insertion

It inserts on the lesser trochanter.

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Iliacus Nerve

It is innervated by the femoral nerve.

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Iliacus Action

It flexes the hip and flexes the trunk.

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Gluteus Medius Origin

This muscle originates on the ilium.

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Gluteus Medius Insertion

It inserts on the greater trochanter.

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Gluteus Medius Nerve

It is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

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Gluteus Medius Action

It abducts the hip.

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Gluteus Minimus Origin

This muscle originates on the ilium.

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Gluteus Minimus Insertion

The gluteus minimus inserts on the greater trochanter.

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Gluteus Minimus Nerve

This muscle is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

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Tensor Fasciae Latae Origin

It originates from the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine.

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Tensor Fasciae Latae Insertion

It inserts into the iliotibial tract.

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Tensor Fasciae Latae Nerve

This muscle is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

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Tensor Fasciae Latae Action

It abducts and flexes the hip.

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Piriformis Origin

It originates from the pelvic surface of the sacrum.

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Piriformis Insertion

It inserts on the apex of the greater trochanter.

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Piriformis Nerve

This muscle is innervated by branches of the sacral plexus.

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Piriformis Action

It externally rotates, abducts, and extends the hip.

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Obturator Internus Origin

It originates from the internal surface of the obturator foramen.

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Obturator Internus Insertion

It inserts on the medial surface of the greater trochanter.

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Obturator Internus Nerve

This muscle is innervated by branches of the sacral plexus.

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Obturator Internus Action

It externally rotates and extends the hip.

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Superior Gemelli Origin

It originates from the ischial spine.

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Gemelli Insertion

They insert on the medial surface of the greater trochanter.

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Study Notes

  • The following are bony landmarks of the lower extremity to identify:

Bony Landmarks: Anterior

  • Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
  • Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
  • Anterior Gluteal Line

Bony Landmarks: Posterior

  • Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
  • Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine
  • Posterior Gluteal Line

Bony Landmarks: I

  • Iliac Crest
  • Inferior Gluteal Line
  • Iliac Fossa
  • Ischial Spine
  • Ischial Tuberosity
  • Inferior Ischial Ramus
  • Inferior Ramus

Bony Landmarks: G, L, O & A

  • Greater Sciatic Notch
  • Lateral part of the Sacrum
  • Lesser Sciatic Notch
  • Lip Linea Aspera
  • Obturator Foramen
  • Auricular Surface
  • Acetabulum

Bony Landmarks: Pubic Area

  • Pubic Tubercle
  • Pubic Symphysis

Bony Landmarks: Femur (H, N, GT & LT)

  • Head of the Femur
  • Neck of the Femur
  • Greater Trochanter
  • Lesser Trochanter
  • Shaft of the Femur

Bony Landmarks: Femur (A, M, L, C, P)

  • Adductor Tubercle
  • Medial Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur
  • Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Femur
  • Medial Epicondyle
  • Lateral Epicondyle
  • Medial Condyle
  • Lateral Condyle
  • Patellar Surface

Gluteus Maximus

  • Originates from the lateral part of the sacrum
  • Upper fibers insert into the iliotibial tract
  • Lower fibers insert into the gluteal tuberosity
  • Innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve
  • Responsible for hip extension and external rotation

Sartorius

  • Originates at the anterior superior iliac spine
  • Inserts into the Pes Anserine
  • Innervated by the femoral nerve
  • Facilitates hip flexion, abduction, external rotation, and knee flexion

Rectus Femoris

  • Originates at the anterior inferior iliac spine
  • Inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
  • Innervated by the femoral nerve
  • Responsible for knee extension and hip flexion

Vastus Medialis

  • Originates at the linea aspera
  • Inserts into the tibial tuberosity
  • Innervated by the femoral nerve
  • Action is knee extension

Vastus Lateralis

  • Originates at the greater trochanter
  • Inserts into the tibial tuberosity
  • Innervated by the femoral nerve
  • Action is knee extension

Vastus Intermedius

  • Originates at the femoral shaft
  • Inserts into the tibial tuberosity
  • Innervated by the femoral nerve
  • Action is knee extension

Biceps Femoris

  • Long head originates at the ischial tuberosity
  • Short head originates at the lateral lip of linea aspera
  • Inserts into the head of the fibula
  • Innervated by the sciatic nerve
  • Long head does hip extension
  • Whole muscle does knee flexion

Semimembranosus

  • Originates at the ischial tuberosity
  • Inserts into the medial tibial condyle
  • Innervated by the sciatic nerve
  • Action is knee flexion and hip extension

Semitendinosus

  • Originates at the ischial tuberosity
  • Inserts into the Pes Anserine
  • Innervated by the sciatic nerve
  • Action is knee flexion and hip extension

Psoas Major

  • Originates from vertebrae T12-L4
  • Inserts into the lesser trochanter
  • Innervated by the lumbar plexus
  • Responsible for hip flexion and trunk flexion

Iliacus

  • Originates at the iliac fossa
  • Inserts into the lesser trochanter
  • Innervated by the femoral nerve
  • Responsible for hip flexion and trunk flexion

Gluteus Medius

  • Originates from the ilium, before the gluteal lines
  • Inserts into the greater trochanter
  • Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
  • Action is abduction of the hip

Gluteus Minimus

  • Originates from the ilium, below the origin of the gluteus medius
  • Inserts into the greater trochanter
  • Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

Tensor Fasciae Latae

  • Originates at the anterior superior iliac spine
  • Inserts into the iliotibial tract
  • Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
  • Action is hip abduction and flexion

Piriformis

  • Originates at the pelvic surface of the sacrum
  • Inserts into the apex of the greater trochanter
  • Innervated by the sacral plexus
  • Responsible for hip external rotation, abduction, and extension

Obturator Internus

  • Originates at the internal surface of the obturator foramen
  • Inserts into the medial surface of the greater trochanter
  • Innervated by the sacral plexus
  • Action is hip external rotation and extension

Superior Gemelli

  • Originates at the ischial spine
  • Inserts into the medial surface of the greater trochanter

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