Lower Extremity Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

  • To connect muscles to bones
  • To allow movement of the pelvis
  • To enhance the stability of the hip joint (correct)
  • To protect nerves and vessels

Which joint is formed between the condyle of the femur and the plateau of the tibia?

  • Transverse arch joint
  • Intercondylar joint
  • Patellofemoral joint
  • Tibiofemoral joint (correct)

Which structure is primarily involved in supporting the arches of the foot?

  • Achilles tendon
  • Transverse ligament
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Long plantar ligament (correct)

What is the role of the intercondylar notch?

<p>Passage for the cruciate ligaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the medial longitudinal arch?

<p>Cuboid bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure articulates with the posterior surface of the patella?

<p>Intercondylar groove (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The zona orbicularis is associated with which joint?

<p>Hip joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arch of the foot consists of the calcaneus, cuboid bone, and metatarsal bones 4-5?

<p>Lateral longitudinal arch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lower extremity bones?

<p>Support against gravity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are included in the pelvis?

<p>Sacrum and coxal bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest bone in the body?

<p>Femur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tibia is known to be an elevation for muscle insertion?

<p>Tibial tuberosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes the fibula's distal pole?

<p>It has a hammer-shaped protrusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is body weight transmitted through the foot?

<p>From talus to metatarsals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epicondyles located at the distal pole of the femur?

<p>They join the knee joint and strengthen it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the heel of the foot?

<p>Calcaneus bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lower Extremity Bones

Bones of the lower body that support weight, allow movement, and stabilize the body, including the pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, and tarsal bones.

Acetabulum

The cup-shaped socket in the hip bone, where the thigh bone (femur) fits.

Acetabular labrum

A ring of cartilage lining the acetabulum, increasing the socket depth for stability.

Pelvis

The bony structure connecting the trunk and legs, formed by the sacrum and two coxal bones.

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Coxal Bone

A single hip bone, formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones.

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Zona orbicularis

A ring of tissues around the acetabulum, providing stability to the hip joint.

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Femur

The thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the human body.

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Tibiofemoral joint

The joint between the tibia and femur; one of the two joints that make up the knee.

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Tibia

The medial (inner) bone of the lower leg.

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Patellofemoral joint

The joint between the kneecap (patella) and the femur, forming part of the knee.

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Medial/Lateral Condyles

Rounded projections on the femur that articulate with the tibia, forming part of the knee joint.

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Fibula

The lateral (outer) bone of the lower leg.

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Tarsal Bones

The seven bones forming the ankle and midfoot region.

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Intercondylar groove

A groove between the femoral condyles that accommodates the posterior aspect of the patella, important for patellar gliding.

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Arches of foot

Three arches (medial, lateral, transverse) in the foot, providing support and enabling flexibility.

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Acetabulum

The cup-shaped socket where the head of the femur fits into the coxal bone.

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Femur Epicondyles

Projections on the femur located proximal to its condyles. The are the distal part of the femur.

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Femur Condyles

Rounded projections on the distal femur that articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint.

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Patella

Kneecap; a sesamoid bone in front of the knee joint, but it does not form part of the knee joint itself.

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Calcaneus

Largest tarsal bone; forms the heel of the foot.

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Study Notes

Lower Extremity Bones

  • Support against gravity
  • Freely movable parts (thigh, knee, leg, ankle, foot)
  • Carry body weight and provide stabilization

Pelvis

  • Consists of 2 coxal bones and 1 sacrum
  • Coxal bone formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis
  • Acetabulum is the region where the three bones meet

Thigh

  • Femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body
  • Femur's length is roughly 1/4 of the total body height
  • Proximal femur has head and ligament connecting the thigh to the pelvis

Leg

  • Tibia is on the medial side of the leg
  • Tibial tuberosity is where the quadriceps femoris muscle attaches
  • The distal tibia has a medial malleolus
  • Fibula is located laterally, has a lateral malleolus, and does not join the knee joint
  • Body weight transmitted from tibia to talus to the calcaneus to metatarsals
  • Calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone, forming the heel
  • Metatarsals are 5 bones in the foot
  • Tarsals are 7 bones in the ankle

Hip Joint (Acetabulum)

  • Lunate face is joined with a thick cartilage layer
  • Acetabular fossa has no cartilage, only vessels, nerves, and fatty tissue

Acetabular Labrum

  • Cushions the hip joint, acting like a pillow

Knee Joint (Art. Genus)

  • Consists of two joints: tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
  • The femur has two condyles for making a stronger joint
  • Patella does not join the knee joint but limits its movement

Intercondylar Area/Groove

  • Intercondylar area/groove on the knee joint's posterior articulates with the patella's posterior surface (the patella is the kneecap)

Tibial Plateau

  • The upper tibial surface where the femur condyles connect

Knee Joint (Arches of Foot)

  • The knee joint has three arches: medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse arches

  • Medial longitudinal arch formed by calcaneous, cuboid bones, 1-3 cuneiform bones, and 1-3 metatarsal bones

  • Lateral longitudinal arch formed by calcaneus, cuboid bones, and 4-5 metatarsal bones

  • Transverse arch formed by the base of metatarsals, cuboid bone, and 1-3 cuneiform bones

  • Different types of arches exists such as high arch, normal arch, flatfoot, and neutral arch.

  • Pes Cavus (high arch) and Pes Planus (flat arch) are two types of arch variations.

Ligaments of Foot

  • Long plantar ligament (calcaneus-cuboid-metatarsals)
  • Short plantar ligament (calcaneus-cuboid)

Knee Joint (Variations)

  • Genu valgum: normal
  • Genu varum: bow legs
  • Excessive Genu Valgum: knock knees

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