Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of the acetabular labrum?
What is the function of the acetabular labrum?
Which joint is formed between the condyle of the femur and the plateau of the tibia?
Which joint is formed between the condyle of the femur and the plateau of the tibia?
Which structure is primarily involved in supporting the arches of the foot?
Which structure is primarily involved in supporting the arches of the foot?
What is the role of the intercondylar notch?
What is the role of the intercondylar notch?
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Which of the following bones is NOT part of the medial longitudinal arch?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the medial longitudinal arch?
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Which structure articulates with the posterior surface of the patella?
Which structure articulates with the posterior surface of the patella?
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The zona orbicularis is associated with which joint?
The zona orbicularis is associated with which joint?
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Which arch of the foot consists of the calcaneus, cuboid bone, and metatarsal bones 4-5?
Which arch of the foot consists of the calcaneus, cuboid bone, and metatarsal bones 4-5?
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What is the function of the lower extremity bones?
What is the function of the lower extremity bones?
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Which bones are included in the pelvis?
Which bones are included in the pelvis?
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What is the largest bone in the body?
What is the largest bone in the body?
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Which part of the tibia is known to be an elevation for muscle insertion?
Which part of the tibia is known to be an elevation for muscle insertion?
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Which feature distinguishes the fibula's distal pole?
Which feature distinguishes the fibula's distal pole?
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How is body weight transmitted through the foot?
How is body weight transmitted through the foot?
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What is the role of the epicondyles located at the distal pole of the femur?
What is the role of the epicondyles located at the distal pole of the femur?
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What forms the heel of the foot?
What forms the heel of the foot?
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Study Notes
Lower Extremity Bones
- Support against gravity
- Freely movable parts (thigh, knee, leg, ankle, foot)
- Carry body weight and provide stabilization
Pelvis
- Consists of 2 coxal bones and 1 sacrum
- Coxal bone formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis
- Acetabulum is the region where the three bones meet
Thigh
- Femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body
- Femur's length is roughly 1/4 of the total body height
- Proximal femur has head and ligament connecting the thigh to the pelvis
Leg
- Tibia is on the medial side of the leg
- Tibial tuberosity is where the quadriceps femoris muscle attaches
- The distal tibia has a medial malleolus
- Fibula is located laterally, has a lateral malleolus, and does not join the knee joint
Foot
- Body weight transmitted from tibia to talus to the calcaneus to metatarsals
- Calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone, forming the heel
- Metatarsals are 5 bones in the foot
- Tarsals are 7 bones in the ankle
Hip Joint (Acetabulum)
- Lunate face is joined with a thick cartilage layer
- Acetabular fossa has no cartilage, only vessels, nerves, and fatty tissue
Acetabular Labrum
- Cushions the hip joint, acting like a pillow
Knee Joint (Art. Genus)
- Consists of two joints: tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
- The femur has two condyles for making a stronger joint
- Patella does not join the knee joint but limits its movement
Intercondylar Area/Groove
- Intercondylar area/groove on the knee joint's posterior articulates with the patella's posterior surface (the patella is the kneecap)
Tibial Plateau
- The upper tibial surface where the femur condyles connect
Knee Joint (Arches of Foot)
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The knee joint has three arches: medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse arches
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Medial longitudinal arch formed by calcaneous, cuboid bones, 1-3 cuneiform bones, and 1-3 metatarsal bones
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Lateral longitudinal arch formed by calcaneus, cuboid bones, and 4-5 metatarsal bones
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Transverse arch formed by the base of metatarsals, cuboid bone, and 1-3 cuneiform bones
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Different types of arches exists such as high arch, normal arch, flatfoot, and neutral arch.
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Pes Cavus (high arch) and Pes Planus (flat arch) are two types of arch variations.
Ligaments of Foot
- Long plantar ligament (calcaneus-cuboid-metatarsals)
- Short plantar ligament (calcaneus-cuboid)
Knee Joint (Variations)
- Genu valgum: normal
- Genu varum: bow legs
- Excessive Genu Valgum: knock knees
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key structures of the lower extremity, including the pelvis, thigh, leg, and foot. This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of major bones and joints involved in supporting body weight and mobility. Discover how these parts interact and their significance in human movement.
