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What was the immediate cause that led to the outbreak of World War I?
What was the immediate cause that led to the outbreak of World War I?
How did Austria-Hungary's relationship with Germany influence its decision to declare war on Serbia?
How did Austria-Hungary's relationship with Germany influence its decision to declare war on Serbia?
What was a significant goal of the Schlieffen Plan?
What was a significant goal of the Schlieffen Plan?
Which of the following factors contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan?
Which of the following factors contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan?
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What was the intended outcome of the ultimatum issued by Austria-Hungary to Serbia?
What was the intended outcome of the ultimatum issued by Austria-Hungary to Serbia?
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What role did the Black Hand play in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
What role did the Black Hand play in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
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Which of the following was a direct result of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Which of the following was a direct result of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
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Which geographical factor was vital to the strategy of the Schlieffen Plan?
Which geographical factor was vital to the strategy of the Schlieffen Plan?
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What event sparked the chain of reactions leading to World War I?
What event sparked the chain of reactions leading to World War I?
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What was the Schlieffen Plan primarily designed to achieve?
What was the Schlieffen Plan primarily designed to achieve?
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How did the mobilization of armies contribute to the outbreak of World War I?
How did the mobilization of armies contribute to the outbreak of World War I?
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Which of the following crises in the Balkans increased tensions prior to World War I?
Which of the following crises in the Balkans increased tensions prior to World War I?
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What role did submarine warfare play during the early justification for World War I?
What role did submarine warfare play during the early justification for World War I?
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What was the main concern of Austria-Hungary regarding Serbia?
What was the main concern of Austria-Hungary regarding Serbia?
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Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which country's actions supported Serbia?
Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which country's actions supported Serbia?
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What was a consequence of the Franco-Prussian War for France?
What was a consequence of the Franco-Prussian War for France?
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What was the main reason behind the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
What was the main reason behind the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
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Which event triggered Russia's mobilization during WWI?
Which event triggered Russia's mobilization during WWI?
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What characterized the mobilization of armies during WWI?
What characterized the mobilization of armies during WWI?
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Which conflict significantly increased tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary prior to WWI?
Which conflict significantly increased tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary prior to WWI?
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What was a key factor contributing to the extension of WWI beyond initial expectations?
What was a key factor contributing to the extension of WWI beyond initial expectations?
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How did submarine warfare affect public opinion in neutral countries during WWI?
How did submarine warfare affect public opinion in neutral countries during WWI?
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What philosophy did President Woodrow Wilson advocate for in relation to future international relations?
What philosophy did President Woodrow Wilson advocate for in relation to future international relations?
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Which of the following was NOT a direct consequence of submarine warfare during WWI?
Which of the following was NOT a direct consequence of submarine warfare during WWI?
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Study Notes
Long-Term Causes of WWI (MANIA)
- Militarism: European powers built up strong militaries, stockpiling weapons.
- Alliances: Complex alliances (Triple Entente and Triple Alliance) meant local conflicts could escalate.
- Nationalism: National pride and ethnic desires for independence fueled tensions.
- Imperialism: Competition for colonies in Africa and Asia increased tensions.
- Assassination: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the war.
Relationship Between Key Countries
- Serbia and Austria-Hungary: Serbia's pan-Slavic ideology clashed with Austria-Hungary's control over Slavic territories.
- Russia and Serbia: Russia supported Serbia as a fellow Slavic nation.
- Germany and Austria-Hungary: Germany supported Austria-Hungary in dealing with Serbia.
- Austria-Hungary viewed Serbia: As a threat to its empire due to growing nationalism.
Key Events
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: June 28, 1914, triggered a chain reaction.
- Austria-Hungary's Ultimatum to Serbia: July 23, 1914, demanding Serbia suppress anti-Austrian activities & allow investigation. Serbia rejected due to sovereignty infringement.
- Germany's support of Austria: Emboldened Austria to declare war on Serbia.
France's Reaction to Loss of Territory
- France lost Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in 1870. This created deep resentment and desire for revenge.
- This resentment influenced France's foreign policy and alliances.
The Schlieffen Plan
- German military strategy to avoid a two-front war.
- Involve a quick invasion of France through Belgium followed by pivot to fight Russia.
- Problem: Germany surrounded by potential enemies.
- Solution: Quick knock out of France, before Russia mobilised.
- Relying on: The speed of the German army, and geography, specifically the flat terrain of Belgium and northern France.
Bosnia, Gavrilo Princip, and the Black Hand
- Bosnia annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908.
- Created resentment in Serbia.
- Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
- Princip's actions were to challenge Austrian rule over Bosnia and further the goal of Slavic independence.
The Mobilization of WWI Armies
- Rapid mobilization of armies started a chain reaction of declarations of war after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
- Russia mobilized to defend Serbia, leading to Germany's declaration of war on Russia, followed by France & Britain being drawn in.
The Balkan Crises Before WWI
- The Balkans were a region of intense nationalist conflicts.
- Multiple ethnic groups sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary.
- Balkan Wars (1912-1913): Enhanced tensions with Serbia expanding its territory which increased tensions with Austria-Hungary.
- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo was a direct consequence of this volatility.
WWI's Extended Duration
- Trench warfare: On the Western Front, made advances slow and costly.
- New weapons: Machine guns, tanks, poison gas created a deadly stalemate.
- Total mobilization: of nations led to long and exhausting campaigns.
- Strategic errors and poor communication: Contributed to an extended conflict.
Woodrow Wilson's Philosophy and the 14 Points
- Wilson's Philosophy: Believed in democracy, self-determination, and international cooperation to ensure peace without victory.
- 14 Points: Included open diplomacy, free trade, reduction of armaments, and the creation of the League of Nations.
Imperialism
- European powers competed for colonies, leading to rivalry and tension which fueled world war one.
Canadian Conscription Crisis
- 1917 Military Service Act: Introduced conscription (compulsory military service) to meet the demand for soldiers during WWI.
- Protests and unrest: Led to widespread protests and political unrest in Canada due to cultural, linguistic differences & resentment toward the war effort.
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Description
Explore the long-term causes of World War I through the acronym MANIA, which highlights Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, and the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This quiz will also delve into the relationships between key countries involved in the conflict. Test your understanding of how these factors contributed to one of history's greatest conflicts.
