Long-Term Causes of WWI (MANIA)
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Questions and Answers

What was the immediate cause that led to the outbreak of World War I?

  • Germany's declaration of war on Russia
  • The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (correct)
  • The Schlieffen Plan implementation
  • The issuance of the Austrian-Hungarian ultimatum

    • How did Austria-Hungary's relationship with Germany influence its decision to declare war on Serbia?

  • Germany encouraged Austria-Hungary to respect Serbian sovereignty.
  • Germany issued a full military assurance called the 'blank cheque'. (correct)
  • Germany provided limited support, causing Austria-Hungary to hesitate.
  • Germany advised Austria-Hungary to pursue diplomatic channels only.

    • What was a significant goal of the Schlieffen Plan?

  • To encourage other nations to join the war
  • To prolong the war on two fronts
  • To focus solely on defeating Russia first
  • To achieve a quick victory over France before Russia could mobilize (correct)

    • Which of the following factors contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan?

    <p>Rapid mobilization of Russian troops (B), Unexpected heavy resistance from Belgian forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the intended outcome of the ultimatum issued by Austria-Hungary to Serbia?

    <p>To suppress Serbian nationalism and allow Austrian participation in an investigation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Black Hand play in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

    <p>They were a nationalist group aiming for Serbian independence from Austria-Hungary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a direct result of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

    <p>The Great War started resulting in widespread alliances forming. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical factor was vital to the strategy of the Schlieffen Plan?

    <p>The flat landscape of Belgium and northern France (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event sparked the chain of reactions leading to World War I?

    <p>The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Schlieffen Plan primarily designed to achieve?

    <p>To quickly defeat France before focusing on Russia (A), To avoid a two-front war for Germany (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the mobilization of armies contribute to the outbreak of World War I?

    <p>It created a sense of urgency and fear among nations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crises in the Balkans increased tensions prior to World War I?

    <p>The Balkan Wars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did submarine warfare play during the early justification for World War I?

    <p>It escalated naval competition between nations. (C), It was a tool for blockading enemy ports. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main concern of Austria-Hungary regarding Serbia?

    <p>The desire of Slavic nationalism for independence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which country's actions supported Serbia?

    <p>Russia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the Franco-Prussian War for France?

    <p>Loss of Alsace and Lorraine, leading to resentment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason behind the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

    <p>To further Slavic independence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event triggered Russia's mobilization during WWI?

    <p>The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the mobilization of armies during WWI?

    <p>It involved unprecedented speed and scale. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conflict significantly increased tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary prior to WWI?

    <p>The Balkan Wars (1912-1913) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key factor contributing to the extension of WWI beyond initial expectations?

    <p>Trench warfare on the Western Front (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did submarine warfare affect public opinion in neutral countries during WWI?

    <p>It turned public opinion against Germany. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophy did President Woodrow Wilson advocate for in relation to future international relations?

    <p>Peace without victory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a direct consequence of submarine warfare during WWI?

    <p>Resource shortages for the Allied powers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Militarism

    The belief in building up strong armed forces for war.

    Alliances

    Countries teaming up for protection and power balance.

    Nationalism

    Pride in one's country, and competition with others.

    Imperialism

    Competing for colonies and resources, especially in Africa and Asia.

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    Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

    The immediate trigger for WWI.

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    Triple Entente

    Alliance: France, Russia, and Britain.

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    Franco-Prussian War

    France's loss of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in 1870.

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    Serbian nationalism

    Serbia's support for Slavic independence, causing tensions with Austria-Hungary.

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    Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination

    The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered WWI, as it sparked subsequent declarations of war among European powers.

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    WWI Mobilization

    The rapid and unprecedented deployment of armies following the start of WWI.

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    Balkan Wars (1912-1913)

    Series of wars in the Balkans that increased tensions in Europe leading to WWI.

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    Trench Warfare

    A type of warfare in WWI characterized by soldiers fighting from dugout trenches, leading to prolonged stalemate.

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    Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

    Germany's use of submarines to attack any ship without warning, including neutral vessels.

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    Lusitania sinking

    The sinking of the Lusitania by German submarines in 1915, which caused U.S. outrage and contributed to U.S. entry into WWI.

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    Woodrow Wilson's 14 points

    President Wilson's vision for a post-war world based on democracy, self-determination, and international cooperation.

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    Total Mobilization of Nations

    Complete engagement of national resources (economic and societal) in the war effort.

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    Austria-Hungary's Ultimatum

    A list of demands Austria-Hungary made to Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It included severe punishments and limitations on Serbia's sovereignty.

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    Germany's 'Blank Cheque'

    Germany's unconditional support for Austria-Hungary in the lead-up to WWI. This support gave Austria-Hungary confidence to attack Serbia.

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    Schlieffen Plan

    Germany's military strategy to avoid a two-front war. The plan involved swiftly attacking France through Belgium and then turning to fight Russia.

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    What did the Schlieffen Plan aim to solve?

    Germany's concern about fighting a long war against both France and Russia at the same time.

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    Bosnia and Serbia

    Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 angered Serbia and its Slavic population. This fueled Serbian nationalism and tension with Austria-Hungary.

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    Gavrilo Princip and The Black Hand

    Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian nationalist group 'The Black Hand,' assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This ignited the tensions that led to WWI.

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    The Chain Reaction

    The assassination led to a chain reaction of events: Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia mobilized to support Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia, and France and Britain joined the war.

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    How did Austria-Hungary blame Serbia?

    Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, claiming that Serbia supported the assassin and failed to stop him. This was used as a justification for war.

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    Study Notes

    Long-Term Causes of WWI (MANIA)

    • Militarism: European powers built up strong militaries, stockpiling weapons.
    • Alliances: Complex alliances (Triple Entente and Triple Alliance) meant local conflicts could escalate.
    • Nationalism: National pride and ethnic desires for independence fueled tensions.
    • Imperialism: Competition for colonies in Africa and Asia increased tensions.
    • Assassination: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the war.

    Relationship Between Key Countries

    • Serbia and Austria-Hungary: Serbia's pan-Slavic ideology clashed with Austria-Hungary's control over Slavic territories.
    • Russia and Serbia: Russia supported Serbia as a fellow Slavic nation.
    • Germany and Austria-Hungary: Germany supported Austria-Hungary in dealing with Serbia.
    • Austria-Hungary viewed Serbia: As a threat to its empire due to growing nationalism.

    Key Events

    • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: June 28, 1914, triggered a chain reaction.
    • Austria-Hungary's Ultimatum to Serbia: July 23, 1914, demanding Serbia suppress anti-Austrian activities & allow investigation. Serbia rejected due to sovereignty infringement.
    • Germany's support of Austria: Emboldened Austria to declare war on Serbia.

    France's Reaction to Loss of Territory

    • France lost Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in 1870. This created deep resentment and desire for revenge.
    • This resentment influenced France's foreign policy and alliances.

    The Schlieffen Plan

    • German military strategy to avoid a two-front war.
    • Involve a quick invasion of France through Belgium followed by pivot to fight Russia.
    • Problem: Germany surrounded by potential enemies.
    • Solution: Quick knock out of France, before Russia mobilised.
    • Relying on: The speed of the German army, and geography, specifically the flat terrain of Belgium and northern France.

    Bosnia, Gavrilo Princip, and the Black Hand

    • Bosnia annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908.
    • Created resentment in Serbia.
    • Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
    • Princip's actions were to challenge Austrian rule over Bosnia and further the goal of Slavic independence.

    The Mobilization of WWI Armies

    • Rapid mobilization of armies started a chain reaction of declarations of war after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
    • Russia mobilized to defend Serbia, leading to Germany's declaration of war on Russia, followed by France & Britain being drawn in.

    The Balkan Crises Before WWI

    • The Balkans were a region of intense nationalist conflicts.
    • Multiple ethnic groups sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary.
    • Balkan Wars (1912-1913): Enhanced tensions with Serbia expanding its territory which increased tensions with Austria-Hungary.
    • The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo was a direct consequence of this volatility.

    WWI's Extended Duration

    • Trench warfare: On the Western Front, made advances slow and costly.
    • New weapons: Machine guns, tanks, poison gas created a deadly stalemate.
    • Total mobilization: of nations led to long and exhausting campaigns.
    • Strategic errors and poor communication: Contributed to an extended conflict.

    Woodrow Wilson's Philosophy and the 14 Points

    • Wilson's Philosophy: Believed in democracy, self-determination, and international cooperation to ensure peace without victory.
    • 14 Points: Included open diplomacy, free trade, reduction of armaments, and the creation of the League of Nations.

    Imperialism

    • European powers competed for colonies, leading to rivalry and tension which fueled world war one.

    Canadian Conscription Crisis

    • 1917 Military Service Act: Introduced conscription (compulsory military service) to meet the demand for soldiers during WWI.
    • Protests and unrest: Led to widespread protests and political unrest in Canada due to cultural, linguistic differences & resentment toward the war effort.

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    World War 1 Causes & Events PDF

    Description

    Explore the long-term causes of World War I through the acronym MANIA, which highlights Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, and the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This quiz will also delve into the relationships between key countries involved in the conflict. Test your understanding of how these factors contributed to one of history's greatest conflicts.

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