Short Bones Function Quiz and Flashcards

Study Notes

The outer shaft of long bones consists of compact bone, encased in a periosteum, a connective tissue sheath.
Ends of long bones feature cancellous (spongy) bone enveloped by a thin layer of compact bone.
Articular surfaces at the ends of bones are covered with hyaline cartilage for smooth joint movement.

Found in hands and feet, such as tarsal and carpal bones.
Roughly cuboidal in shape, consisting of cancellous bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone.
Covered with periosteum, with their articular surfaces also lined with hyaline cartilage.

Located in the vault of the skull, including frontal and parietal bones.
Comprised of two thin layers of compact bone with a layer of cancellous bone in between.
Scapulae are categorized as flat bones despite their irregular shape.

Include bones that don't fit into other classifications, like vertebrae, pelvic bones, and certain skull bones.
Characterized by a thin outer layer of compact bone surrounding cancellous bone.

Compact bone appears as a dense, solid structure.
Cancellous bone consists of a network of trabeculae, arranged to withstand stress and strain effectively.

Regional Classification:
- Axial Skeleton (80 bones): Includes cranial (8), facial (14), auditory ossicles (6), hyoid (1), vertebrae (26), and thoracic cage (1 sternum, 24 ribs).
- Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones): Comprises the pectoral girdle (4 bones), upper extremities (32 bones), pelvic girdle (2), and lower extremities (30 bones).
Classification by Shape:
- Long Bones: Found in limbs (e.g., humerus, femur), longer than they are wide, with a tubular shaft (diaphysis) that typically contains a marrow cavity.
- Short Bones: Similar in length and width, mainly provide support and stability.
- Flat Bones: Thin and flat, primarily serve protective roles.
- Irregular Bones: Complex shapes not fitting other categories.
- Sesamoid Bones: Embedded within tendons for mechanical advantage.