London's Population Growth and Railway Expansion

Metropolitan Railway Company = Established in August 1854 to construct an underground railway line GWR (Great Western Railway) = Invested almost £250,000 in the scheme for the underground railway line Cut and cover technique = Used to construct the world’s first underground railway line Ventilation shafts = Added to the tunnels to address smoke and fumes issues

Paddington = The starting point of the underground railway line Farringdon Street = The edge of the City where the underground railway line was planned to reach Moorgate = One of the first extensions authorized for the Metropolitan line Hammersmith = One of the first extensions authorized for the Metropolitan line

Traffic overhead = Objectors argued that tunnels would collapse under its weight Buildings = Objectors argued that they would be shaken due to underground construction Passengers = Objectors argued that they would be poisoned by emissions from train engines Press = Printed critical articles about the radical and expensive scheme for the underground railway line

<p>40,000 passengers = Carried between Paddington and Farringdon on the first day of Metropolitan's operation 9.5 million journeys = Made by the end of Metropolitan's first year of operation Steam locomotives = Originally planned to pull trains but were never introduced due to smoke and fumes issues Congestion on London's streets = Became worse despite the extension of the underground railway by the 1880s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brick walls and arches = Constructed using 'cut and cover' technique for building the tunnel Trench with timber beams = Temporarily held up during construction of the underground line Layer of soil on top of tunnel = Two-meter-deep layer used during construction before rebuilding the road above Five-year period = Time taken to raise £1m for funding the radical and expensive scheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metropolitan Railway Company = Established an underground railway line in London ‘Cut and cover’ technique = Method used to construct the world’s first underground railway Steam locomotives = Original plan for pulling the trains on the Metropolitan line Ventilation shafts = Added to the tunnels to address smoke and fumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paddington = Starting point of the underground line Farringdon Street = The edge of the City at the end of the underground line Moorgate = Location of one of the first authorized extensions Hammersmith = Location of one of the first authorized extensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tunnel collapse = Argument that tunnels would collapse under traffic overhead Building shaking = Concern that buildings would be shaken by the construction Passenger poisoning = Fear that passengers would be poisoned by train emissions Expense of demolishing buildings = Reason for running the route beneath existing main roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty in raising funding = Organization's challenge in obtaining financial support for the radical scheme Amount invested by GWR = Investment made by Great Western Railway in the new line First day passenger count = Number of passengers carried between Paddington and Farringdon on opening day Yearly journeys by end of first year = Total journeys made on the Metropolitan’s first year of operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>August 1854 = Establishment of Metropolitan Railway Company 10 January 1863 = Opening date of the world’s first underground railway Five-year period = Duration over which £1m was raised for construction 1880s = Time when congestion on London’s streets became worse</p> Signup and view all the answers