Lomitapide Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

<p>Increased risk of stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibiting the production of LDL-C in the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An MTP inhibitor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slowing the progression of atherosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statins target the LDL receptor, which is dysfunctional in HoFH patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced cardiovascular health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing the formation of VLDL particles, which are precursors to LDL-C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MTP is a protein that assists in the assembly and secretion of LDL-C. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lomitapide is a highly effective treatment for HoFH, especially in patients who have not responded well to other treatments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity exacerbates HoFH, making lomitapide particularly important for this population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of VLDL and chylomicron assembly by blocking MTP activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It only provides a temporary reduction in LDL-C levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lomitapide is a novel therapeutic agent targeting MTP activity to reduce LDL-C levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shortage of donors and the complexity of the procedure make it an impractical option for many patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lomitapide targets a different pathway than conventional therapies to lower LDL-C levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and enterocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferring lipids to ApoB proteins for the assembly of VLDL and chylomicrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability of the body to efficiently remove LDL-C from the bloodstream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to the buildup of plaque in arteries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lowering the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mutation in the LDL receptor prevents the body from efficiently removing LDL-C from the bloodstream. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Li Z, Cheng J, Wang L (2015) Edaravone attenuates monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein.Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466(4):723-727 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDL apheresis, a procedure that filters the blood to remove LDL-C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Figure 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A medication that inhibits the activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) leading to reduced production of LDL-C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gholamzad A et al (2023) Association between serum vitamin D levels and lipid profiles: a cross-sectional analysis.Sci Rep 13(1):21058 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of heart attacks and strokes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can significantly decrease the risk of CVD mortality by 13%. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morofuji Y et al (2022) Beyond Lipid-Lowering: effects of statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular diseases and Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 15(2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cuchel M et al (2013) Efficacy and safety of a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a single-arm, open-label, phase 3 study.Lancet 381(9860):40-46 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wang A et al (2016) Systematic review of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol apheresis for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia.J Am Heart Assoc, 5(7) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the long-term safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of lomitapide in adult patients with HoFH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower dose results in higher LDL-C reduction and fewer adverse effects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lomitapide led to fatty liver and progressive fibrosis after long-term use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lomitapide is only approved for use in HoFH and its efficacy in other disorders is not established. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The long-term cardiovascular safety of lomitapide in HoFH patients is not fully understood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inhibition of nitric oxide signaling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides preliminary evidence about the potential impact of lomitapide on the cardiovascular system in HoFH. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An abnormal amount of lipids in the blood, increasing cardiovascular disease risk.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, often called 'bad cholesterol' that contributes to atherosclerosis.

A genetic disorder leading to extremely high LDL-C levels due to LDL receptor mutations.

A medication that inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) to lower cholesterol in HoFH patients.

A protein responsible for transferring triglycerides during very low-density lipoprotein assembly.

Apolipoprotein B, a primary protein component of lipoproteins like VLDL which lomitapide reduces.

A condition characterized by the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on artery walls.

The likelihood of developing heart-related conditions, often linked to high LDL-C levels.

A type of cholesterol that contributes to atherosclerosis development.

Heart attack due to blocked blood supply.

A procedure to filter and remove LDL-C from the bloodstream.

A common treatment used to lower LDL-C levels.

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic disorder causing extremely high cholesterol levels.

LDL apheresis lowers LDL-C levels but effects usually last a few weeks.

May include hypotension, nausea, anemia, and allergic reactions.

Annual costs for LDL apheresis treatment can range from $66,374 to $228,956.

By binds to MTP, lomitapide blocks the assembly of VLDL and chylomicrons, lowering LDL-C levels.

Used for patients with high LDL-C levels but faces donor shortages and procedural complexity.

A global study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of lomitapide in HoFH patients.

Enzyme levels indicating liver health and function.

A condition where excess fat builds up in the liver.

Elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood, often linked to pancreatitis.

Effects of treatments on heart and blood vessel health.

A type of cholesterol that can lead to plaque formation in arteries when present in excess or oxidized.

A procedure that selectively removes LDL cholesterol from the blood using plasma separation and dialysis.

LDL that has undergone oxidation, which increases its atherogenic potential and contributes to endothelial dysfunction.

A condition where the endothelium (inner lining of blood vessels) loses its function, often due to factors like high ox-LDL.

Chemically reactive molecules that can damage cells and contribute to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.

A medication that helps retard coronary atherosclerosis and aids in lipid regulation in patients with high cholesterol.

An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, leading to cell damage.

The performance of the endothelium, which lines blood vessels and regulates blood flow and vascular health.

Reactive Oxygen Species, which can damage cells and contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation.

The overall condition and functioning of the heart and blood vessels, indicative of risk for diseases.