Logistics and Supply Chain Management Basics

Definition: The process of ordering, storing, and using a company's inventory.
Key Concepts:
- Types of Inventory: Raw materials, Work-in-progress (WIP), Finished goods.
- Inventory Costs: Holding costs, Ordering costs, Stockout costs.
- Methods:
  - Just-in-Time (JIT): Minimizes inventory levels.
  - ABC Analysis: Categorizes inventory based on value and turnover.
Techniques:
- Economic Order Quantity (EOQ): Determines optimal order quantity.
- Safety Stock: Extra inventory to prevent stockouts.

Definition: The planning and executing of the movement of goods.
Modes of Transportation:
- Road: Flexible and cost-effective for short distances.
- Rail: Cost-efficient for heavy, bulk items over long distances.
- Air: Fast but expensive; used for high-value or perishable goods.
- Sea: Cost-effective for large volumes but slower.
Key Considerations:
- Lead times, freight costs, and service levels.
- Route optimization to reduce time and costs.

Goal: Improve efficiency and reduce costs across the supply chain.
Strategies:
- Collaboration with suppliers and distributors.
- Implementing technology (e.g., ERP systems) for better data integration.
- Lean principles to eliminate waste.
Performance Metrics:
- Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as order fulfillment, delivery lead time, and inventory turnover.

Definition: Managing the storage and movement of goods within a warehouse.
Key Functions:
- Receiving, storage, picking, packing, and shipping.
Technology:
- Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) for tracking inventory.
- Automation tools like robots and conveyor systems to streamline operations.
Layout Planning:
- Efficient design to minimize travel time and maximize storage space.

Definition: Predicting future customer demand to optimize inventory and production.
Techniques:
- Qualitative methods (e.g., market research, expert opinion).
- Quantitative methods (e.g., time series analysis, regression analysis).
Importance:
- Helps in planning production schedules, inventory levels, and resource allocation.
Factors Influencing Demand:
- Market trends, seasonality, economic indicators, and promotions.

Process of ordering, storing, and using a company’s inventory.
Types of inventory include raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP), and finished goods.
Inventory costs comprise holding costs, ordering costs, and stockout costs.
Just-in-Time (JIT) methodology focuses on minimizing inventory levels.
ABC Analysis categorizes inventory based on value and turnover rates.
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) identifies the optimal order quantity for efficiency.
Safety stock refers to extra inventory held to prevent stockouts during demand spikes.

Involves planning and executing the movement of goods from point A to point B.
Modes of transportation include:
- Road: Offers flexibility and cost-effectiveness for short distances.
- Rail: Ideal for transporting heavy, bulk items over long distances affordably.
- Air: Delivers high-speed transport for time-sensitive or high-value goods, albeit at a premium cost.
- Sea: Economical for large shipments but slower compared to other modes.
Key considerations in transportation logistics include lead times, freight costs, and service levels.
Route optimization is crucial for minimizing transit time and associated costs.

Aims to enhance efficiency and reduce costs throughout the supply chain.
Strategies include collaborating with suppliers and distributors for better synergy.
Technology integration, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, provides improved data integration.
Lean principles help identify and eliminate waste in supply chain processes.
Performance metrics involve Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), assessing order fulfillment, delivery lead time, and inventory turnover rates.

Involves managing the storage and movement of goods within a warehouse environment.
Key functions of warehouse management include receiving, storage, picking, packing, and shipping processes.
Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) assist in tracking and managing inventory efficiently.
Automation tools like robots and conveyor systems are employed to streamline warehouse operations.
Layout planning focuses on designing warehouse space that minimizes travel time and maximizes storage capacity.

Predicts future customer demand to optimize inventory levels and production schedules.
Techniques for demand forecasting include qualitative methods (e.g., market research, expert opinions) and quantitative methods (e.g., time series analysis, regression analysis).
Importance lies in aiding production planning, inventory management, and resource allocation.
Factors influencing demand include market trends, seasonality, economic indicators, and promotional activities.