Logical Fallacies Quiz

Logical Fallacies

• A logical fallacy is a defect in an argument that stems from a mistake in reasoning, incorrect assumptions, or ambiguous language.

Categorization of Fallacies

• Fallacies can be categorized into two broad groups: fallacies of relevance and fallacies of insufficient evidence.

Negatively Relevant Factor

• A factor is negatively relevant if it has a tendency to make the conclusion less likely to be true.

Evaluating an Argument

• An argument can be evaluated by examining the claim, premises, and inference to identify any fallacies or errors in reasoning.

Generalization

• A generalization is a statement that applies to a group of things, but may not be true for every individual case.

Fallacy of Relevance

• Ad hominem attack is an example of a fallacy of relevance, where an argument is rejected based on the character or personal traits of the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.

Sample Population

• A sample population is a subset of individuals or cases from a larger population, used to make inferences or predictions about the larger population.

Inductively Cogent Argument

• An argument is inductively cogent if it is based on a sufficient amount of evidence, and the conclusion is highly probable, but not necessarily certain.

Purpose of Evaluating an Argument

• The purpose of evaluating an argument is to determine whether the conclusion is justified, and to make informed decisions or judgments based on the evidence presented.