gst(5&6)

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Based on the provided text, explain what is meant by the statement that "the actual commission of the robbery is a historical fact no longer available to direct observation."

Direct observation is impossible because the police have not yet investigated the scene.
Since the robbery is a matter of legal record, direct observation is not necessary to determine the truth.
The robbery victims are unable to provide testimony about the event, making direct observation impossible.
The robbery, as a past event, cannot be observed directly because it happened in the past. (correct)

The analogy of the robbed safe is used to demonstrate what key concept about logic?

The legal system relies heavily on logical arguments presented by both prosecution and defense.
Logical inferences are made from existing facts, which are not always directly observable. (correct)
Direct observation is the most reliable method for gathering evidence in a criminal case.
Fingerprints are the most conclusive evidence in a robbery investigation.

In the provided text, what is the primary function of the prosecutor's argument in court?

To determine the specific time of the robbery based on the fingerprints.
To ensure that Brown's rights during the investigation are upheld.
To introduce evidence that supports the conclusion that Brown committed the robbery. (correct)
To assess the reliability of the fingerprints found on the safe.

What is the key difference between the prosecutor's argument and the defense attorney's argument regarding the presence of Brown's fingerprints on the safe?

The prosecutor emphasizes the evidence, while the defense looks for alternative explanations for the evidence. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would be most similar to the robbery example provided in the text regarding the limitations of direct observation?

Analyzing a historical event by studying primary source documents. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of logic in how individuals perceive the world?

Logic allows individuals to form judgments about events without directly experiencing them. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes the main point of the text in relation to logic?

Logic can be used to infer the truth of propositions even when direct observation is impossible. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of the illustration about Tamara and the window ledge?

Individual perceptions and cultural norms play a significant role in interpreting behavior. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement "Being rational involves trying to understand and interpret other people's actions and inactions based on present, past and future situations" suggest?

Understanding motivations involves analyzing actions within a broader temporal framework. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what is the central ethical issue in advanced writing?

Promoting responsible and ethical use of information and acknowledging sources. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the core argument concerning plagiarism in the text?

Plagiarism is a form of theft that undermines the value of original work. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best reflects the connection between 'inferences' and 'rationality' as discussed in the text?

Inferences are essential for making rational judgments about people's actions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations would best illustrate the concept of 'understanding rationality' as described in the text?

A detective investigates a crime by analyzing evidence and suspect testimonies. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, why are ethical issues particularly critical in advanced writing?

Advanced writers have a greater responsibility to be accurate and truthful. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point the text makes about the relationship between a person's actions and their intentions?

We interpret intentions based on our observations and understanding of social norms. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The text implies that ethical issues in advanced writing are "transcendent." What does this mean?

Ethical issues in advanced writing are universally applicable and go beyond specific rules or guidelines. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ethical violation described in academic writing?

Plagiarism of ideas and words (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of plagiarism mentioned?

Legal prosecution (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of preventing plagiarism, what is highlighted as an important practice for writers?

Employing best practices in citation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What form of academic dishonesty involves copying someone’s work verbatim without citation?

Plagiarism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to a student who has repeated instances of plagiarism?

They may be placed on academic probation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the ethical dilemma associated with the use of data in advanced writing?

The selective reporting of data can result in bias and misinformation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ethical concern regarding cultural sensitivity in advanced writing?

The reinforcement of stereotypes and prejudices. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN responsibility of an advanced writer in upholding ethical standards?

To foster a culture of transparency and trustworthiness. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions BEST demonstrates the ethical principle of respecting intellectual property in advanced writing?

Providing clear and accurate citations for all borrowed ideas. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of stating potential conflicts of interest in advanced writing?

To ensure that readers are aware of any biases that may exist in the work. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an ethical issue discussed in the text as it relates to advanced writing?

Using jargon that is unfamiliar to the target audience. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fostering inclusivity in advanced writing?

To prevent the use of offensive or discriminatory language. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST illustrates the ethical principle of transparency in advanced writing?

Disclosing any potential bias or conflict of interest. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the text define plagiarism in the context of advanced writing?

Using someone else's ideas without acknowledging the source. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important ethical principle that advanced writers should strive to uphold?

Integrity: Acting with honesty and responsibility in all aspects of writing. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ethical concern associated with plagiarism?

It undermines the integrity of writing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Selective reporting in writing can lead to which of the following ethical concerns?

Creating a biased narrative. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is cultural sensitivity important in written content?

It can create an inclusive atmosphere. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does responsible use of data prevent in writing?

Manipulation or misrepresentation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What ethical concern arises from failing to disclose conflicts of interest?

Compromise of the work's credibility. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Copyright infringement primarily addresses issues related to which of the following?

Legal protection of authorship. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial action writers must take to uphold copyright ethics?

Obtain permissions for copyrighted material. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What contemporary challenge related to copyright issues is mentioned?

Online piracy. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can result from failing to acknowledge original creators in writing?

Legal consequences and ethical dilemmas. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized ethical concern in writing according to the given content?

Manipulative marketing. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Logic

The study of correct reasoning and inference.

Inference

The process of drawing conclusions from premises or facts.