Logic and Artificial Intelligence Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Given the premise 'If it is raining, then the ground is wet' and the fact 'It is raining', what conclusion can be drawn using Modus Ponens?

  • The ground is dry.
  • It might be raining or not.
  • The ground is wet. (correct)
  • No conclusion can be drawn.
  • What is the significance of the statement 'If it is raining, then the ground is wet' in the context of Modus Ponens?

  • It states a variable truth.
  • It acts as a known fact.
  • It presents a conditional premise, which can be used to make inferences. (correct)
  • It is not necessarily true.
  • In the example provided, which of the following statements is considered the 'antecedent' in the Modus Ponens rule?

  • Either A or C
  • If it is raining, then the ground is wet.
  • The ground is wet.
  • It is raining. (correct)
  • What role does the statement 'It is raining' play in the application of Modus Ponens in this context?

    <p>It affirms the antecedent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Modus Ponens considered a valid rule of inference?

    <p>Because it guarantees that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Artificial Intelligence, according to the provided definition?

    <p>The computations that enable perception, reasoning, and action. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the scope of AI as defined by the content?

    <p>Aims to systematize and automate intellectual tasks to create machines that act or think like humans or act/think rationally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a research interest of Naoufel Werghi?

    <p>Philosophical studies of AI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the course outline, what are the two major categories the course will cover?

    <p>Classical and modern AI. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key question raised by the HAL 9000 scene from '2001: A Space Odyssey' in relation to AI?

    <p>The potential for AI to exhibit independent control and actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the discussions about AI, which of the following is NOT categorized as a way AI systems can be approached?

    <p>Mimic animal behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'classic' Artificial Intelligence specifically focus on, based on the course outline?

    <p>Search techniques. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Modern Artificial Intelligence' mainly focus on according to the course content?

    <p>Classification &amp; Machine learning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) according to the introductory definition?

    <p>To create machines that perform tasks requiring human-level intelligence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is an example of a task that could be used to 'Act like humans' in the context of AI methodology?

    <p>Driving a car. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the context, what is the ‘imitation game’ a test for?

    <p>An operational test for intelligent behaviour. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the described Turing Test primarily focus on?

    <p>The content of the answers given by a machine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is one of the benefits of using the Turing Test to evaluate machine intelligence?

    <p>It avoids debates about the true nature of intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea behind the methodology to 'Act like humans' in AI?

    <p>To replicate human-like decision-making abilities in computers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which of the following is NOT an example of a task under ‘Act like humans’?

    <p>Solving basic algebraic equations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when aiming for a 'Think Like Humans' approach in AI?

    <p>Understanding the reasoning steps and processes used by humans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the ‘Imitation Game’ to evaluate machine intelligence?

    <p>Alan Turing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the goal of cognitive science in the context of artificial intelligence?

    <p>To develop theories about the human mind that can be tested and implemented in AI. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Aristotle's syllogism?

    <p>To provide patterns for constructing arguments that guarantee correct conclusions with true premises. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Modus Ponens, what does the notation A → B mean?

    <p>If A is true, then B is also true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the premises: 'If it is raining, then the ground is wet' and 'it is raining,' what conclusion can be drawn using Modus Ponens?

    <p>The ground is wet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example 'If it is raining, then the ground is wet', which part represents 'A' in terms of Modus Ponens rule?

    <p>is raining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the example about rain, which component corresponds to B in Modus Ponens?

    <p>the ground is wet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using Modus Ponens, if we know 'If the car is out of gas, it will not start', and 'The car is out of gas' what conclusion can be reached?

    <p>The car will not start (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artificial intelligence technique focuses on if-then rules?

    <p>Logic reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of McCulloch and Pitts in 1943?

    <p>Publication of the first mathematical model of a neural network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Turing Test?

    <p>To assess a machine's capacity to engage in human-like conversations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the term 'Artificial Intelligence' formally created?

    <p>1956 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made the Perceptron developed by Rosenblatt in 1957 significant?

    <p>It was the first artificial neural network capable of learning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of ELIZA, developed by Weizenbaum?

    <p>To process natural language in conversations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical innovation did Hinton, Rumelhart, and Williams introduce in 1986?

    <p>The introduction of backpropagation for training deeper neural networks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of AlexNet in 2012?

    <p>It was an early deep learning system capable of recognizing many objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major contribution of the Facebook Deepface system?

    <p>Achieved near-human accuracy in facial recognition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the 'Attention Is All You Need' paper?

    <p>New deep learning architecture for natural language processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these AI applications is utilized for passenger safety, according to the content?

    <p>Automatic screening of passenger baggage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of colorectal cancer detection, what does 'tissue phenotyping' refer to?

    <p>Identifying the specific types of cells present in tissue samples. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific area does the AI system focusing on 'Nucleus Detection and Classification' analyze?

    <p>Medical imagery of cancer cells from WSI. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sensors, networks, and physical models in predictive maintenance?

    <p>To gather and analyze multi-modal data for predicting failure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functionality was greatly improved by the release of ChatGPT

    <p>Natural language processing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one AI application for surveillance and security mentioned in the content?

    <p>Gateless ticketing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AI application uses a 400 x 400 sized image as input?

    <p>Nucleus detection in cancer cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides videos, which type of input does the predictive maintenance system analyze?

    <p>Images (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following AI applications is used for screening passenger baggage?

    <p>Automatic screeening of passenger baggage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 'Attention Is All You Need' in AI?

    <p>A deep learning architecture for natural language processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following AI applications directly uses images as input?

    <p>Nucleus Detection and Classification from WSI using Graphs and Deep CNNS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vision-based flare monitoring system?

    <p>Detecting and analyzing flares in the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key development in AI achieved by Facebook in 2014?

    <p>The development of a facial recognition system with near-human accuracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of tissue phenotyping in colorectal cancer detection?

    <p>Identifying specific types of cells within the tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data does the predictive maintenance system utilize for analysis?

    <p>Historical data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary area of focus for ChatGPT?

    <p>Natural language processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a specific AI application mentioned under 'Artificial Intelligence In Khalifa University'?

    <p>Autonomous Delivery Robots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Nucleus Detection and Classification system?

    <p>Detecting cancerous cells in tissue samples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion can be drawn if both premises 'If it is raining, then the ground is wet' and 'It is raining' are true?

    <p>The ground is wet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Modus Ponens, which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between the premises?

    <p>The first premise provides a condition for the second. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which logical rule is used to derive the conclusion from the premises provided?

    <p>Modus Ponens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the notation 'A → B' signify in the given example?

    <p>If it is raining, then the ground is wet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception when applying the Modus Ponens rule?

    <p>Only one premise is necessary to draw a conclusion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the Turing Test?

    <p>To evaluate whether machines can behave intelligently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tasks is NOT an example of 'Act like humans' in AI?

    <p>Executing a complex algorithm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Turing Test help to avoid in its evaluation of machine intelligence?

    <p>Debate over true machine consciousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best reflects the methodology of AI?

    <p>Transform intellectual tasks better performed by humans into computational tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the concept of the Imitation Game as a test for machine intelligence?

    <p>Alan Turing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key aspect does the Turing Test focus on when assessing a computer's behavior?

    <p>The content of the answers to questions asked (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of AI, which of the following is a function AI is expected to perform like humans?

    <p>Navigate a vehicle safely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of applying the Turing Test in AI evaluation?

    <p>It gives an objective measure of intelligent behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study of Artificial Intelligence primarily aim to automate?

    <p>Intellectual tasks that can be systematized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes 'Classic Artificial Intelligence'?

    <p>Emphasizing the use of search techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of AI, what is the main concern raised by the behavior of HAL 9000 in '2001: A Space Odyssey'?

    <p>The ethical implications of AI control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of modern Artificial Intelligence as outlined in the course content?

    <p>Classification and machine learning techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definition provided, which aspect encompasses 'acting rationally' in Artificial Intelligence?

    <p>Carrying out logical reasoning tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of 'thinking like humans' in AI?

    <p>Focuses on replicating human cognitive processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major theme is addressed by Naoufel Werghi in his research?

    <p>Computer vision and machine learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the overall goal of Artificial Intelligence?

    <p>To create machines that can act or think like humans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Modus Ponens demonstrate in logical reasoning?

    <p>If A is true, then B is true, provided that A leads to B. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the premises involved in using Modus Ponens based on the example of rain?

    <p>If it is raining, then the ground is wet; it is raining. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is considered a correct conclusion derived from the premises using Modus Ponens?

    <p>The ground is wet because it is raining. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aristotle's syllogism is primarily concerned with what aspect of logical reasoning?

    <p>Patterns that yield correct conclusions from correct premises. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes cognitive science in relation to artificial intelligence?

    <p>Testable theories for understanding human reasoning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Modus Ponens play in cognitive reasoning within AI?

    <p>It enables deductions based on conditional statements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the logical expression A → B, what does the arrow signify?

    <p>B is the consequence of A being true. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental principle inherent in the concept of antecedents and consequences in reasoning?

    <p>A valid consequence is impossible without an antecedent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Modus Ponens rule, given 'If A, then B' and 'A is true', what conclusion can be drawn?

    <p>B is true (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Modus Ponens, what does the first statement 'If it is raining, then the ground is wet' represent?

    <p>A conditional statement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within the structure of Modus Ponens, which of these options is considered the minor premise?

    <p>'It is raining' stating that the antecedent is true (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If we know 'If the cat is black, then it has dark fur' and that 'the cat is black' is true. What is derived as a valid conclusion, using Modus Ponens?

    <p>The cat has dark fur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a scenario using Modus Ponens, if the conditional statement is 'If a switch is on, then the light is on', and the fact is 'The switch is on', which part directly corresponds to the consequent?

    <p>The prediction that 'The light is on' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with developing the first artificial neural network capable of learning?

    <p>Rosenblatt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the main contribution of the 1986 paper by Hinton, Rumelhart, and Williams?

    <p>Introduction of backpropagation for training deeper neural networks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event related to AI occurred at the Dartmouth workshop in 1956?

    <p>The term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the General Problem Solver (GPS) programs developed by Newell and Simon?

    <p>Demonstrating human-like problem-solving (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core concept behind Modus Ponens?

    <p>A conclusion follows from two premises in a specific structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary advancement introduced by AlexNet in 2012?

    <p>Early deep learning system capable of recognizing 1000 objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these programs was developed for natural language processing?

    <p>ELIZA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which of these areas utilizes expert systems?

    <p>Financial and medical fields (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Think Like Humans' approach in AI primarily emphasize?

    <p>Understanding the cognitive processes behind human thought (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the purpose of analyzing the 'traces of the reasoning steps' in AI?

    <p>To understand how the program is making decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Aristotle's syllogism, what is essential for reaching a correct conclusion?

    <p>Having a valid pattern of argument structure and correct premises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Modus Ponens rule?

    <p>To derive new true statements from existing true statements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given 'If it is raining then the ground is wet' and 'It is raining', what does Modus Ponens allow us to conclude?

    <p>The ground will be wet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the logical structure of Modus Ponens provided (A → B, A), what does 'A → B' represent?

    <p>A conditional statement indicating that if 'A' is true, then 'B' is true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the statement 'The ground is wet' represent in the provided Modus Ponens example?

    <p>The consequence (B) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about Modus Ponens compared to other logical inference methods?

    <p>It is a deterministic way to infer a true statement based on a conditional and its antecedent being true. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following AI techniques focuses on the use of if-then rules to represent knowledge and perform reasoning?

    <p>Logic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of McCulloch and Pitts in 1943 to the field of AI?

    <p>Publishing the first mathematical model of a neural network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major AI technique discussed in the context?

    <p>Natural Language Processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AI system was known for its ability to recognize 1000 objects, such as dogs and cars, at near-human level?

    <p>AlexNet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the core idea behind creating machines that 'act like humans'?

    <p>To directly mimic observable human behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary goal of the Turing Test?

    <p>To assess whether a machine can act like a human in a conversation, making it indistinguishable from a real person (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a task that falls under the "Think Like Humans" approach in AI?

    <p>Designing machines that can perform repetitive tasks quickly and efficiently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the course outline, which area of AI involves 'search techniques'?

    <p>Classic AI. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the film "2001: A Space Odyssey," what core question about AI does the behaviour of HAL 9000 raise?

    <p>Whether AI can develop self-control and autonomy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major advancement in AI was introduced by Hinton, Rumelhart, and Williams in 1986?

    <p>The ability to train deeper neural networks using back-propagation of errors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline forms a key foundation for the 'Think like humans' approach in AI?

    <p>Cognitive Science. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following AI applications is specifically mentioned in the content as being used for passenger safety?

    <p>Autonomous Vehicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of 'systematizing intellectual tasks' in the context of AI?

    <p>To automate tasks that require human intellect, including abstract reasoning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided content, what is the fundamental goal of creating AI systems that 'act like humans'?

    <p>To perform functions that require intelligence when done by humans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definition provided, what is one of the fundamental abilities AI aims to achieve?

    <p>To perceive the world. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what constitutes a key difference between "Act like humans" and "Think like humans" approaches in AI?

    <p>One aims to replicate behavior, while the other aims to understand the underlying processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of intelligence is the Imitation Game (Turing Test) designed to evaluate?

    <p>The system's ability to convincingly mimic human conversation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to Artificial intelligence focuses specifically on building machines that make decisions using logic and reasoning?

    <p>Act rationally. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of the Turing Test, as described in the provided material?

    <p>It avoids debates about the inner workings of intelligent systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best describes a direct application of the AI methodology 'act like humans' ?

    <p>An AI system diagnosing a disease based on a patient's symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'interrogator's' role in the Turing Test?

    <p>To determine if they can distinguish a machine from a human through conversation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the provided material, what is considered the main goal behind using the ‘Act like humans’ approach to AI?

    <p>To create machines that can successfully complete complex human tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific aspect of machine intelligence does avoiding the question of 'internal processes' in the Turing Test achieve?

    <p>It ensures the test focuses exclusively on the output from the AI. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples best represents an AI system attempting to 'act like humans'?

    <p>An AI program playing a strategic board game like chess. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of deepface in 2014?

    <p>Facial recognition with near-human accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key contribution of the 'Attention Is All You Need' paper by Ashish Waswani et al in 2017?

    <p>A new deep learning architecture for natural language processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what specific domain did the release of ChatGPT in 2020 mark a significant breakthrough?

    <p>Natural language processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that AI is being applied in the medical field at Khalifa University?

    <p>Tissue phenotyping for colorectal cancer detection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the ‘Nucleus Detection and Classification’ system at Khalifa University?

    <p>To classify different cell types in tissue samples (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a part of the Predictive Maintenance framework mentioned in the content?

    <p>Sensor Data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the predictive maintenance example, what does the analysis of 'ground-truth data' provide?

    <p>Reference data for model evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that AI is being applied in the security domain according to the content?

    <p>Surveillance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of visual input is utilized for the Nucleus Detection and Classification system?

    <p>Tile images of 400 x 400 resolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these real-world challenges is AI tackling at Khalifa University, as presented in the provided materials?

    <p>Predictive maintenance of infrastructures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of an intelligent agent that describes its ability to operate without direct external control?

    <p>Autonomous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a 'temporally continuous' agent?

    <p>It operates as a continuously running process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an agent's function?

    <p>Interacting with the environment through sensors and acting through effectors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'goal-oriented' mean in the context of an intelligent agent?

    <p>It does not merely react, but acts to achieve predefined outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between a software daemon and an intelligent agent?

    <p>Software daemons are not considered to be agents, despite similarities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary requirement for evaluating the success of a rational agent?

    <p>An objective performance measure which is specific to its designed purpose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes an agent's ability to function without human intervention?

    <p>Autonomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of agent programs, what is the 'memory' component primarily used for?

    <p>Saving a record of all past percepts and actions it has undertaken. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An agent is considered adaptive if it:

    <p>Can react to environmental changes and learn from interactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the CHOOSE-BEST-ACTION step in the skeleton agent program?

    <p>To select an action based on the agent's memory, its previous experience and the current percept. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of agent programs, what does 'percept sequence' refer to?

    <p>The ordered sequence of sensory inputs (percepts) that the agent has received in time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a primary characteristic of an intelligent agent?

    <p>Cognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'mobile' refer to when describing an intelligent agent?

    <p>The agent can transport itself between different computational environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'situatedness' refer to when describing an agent?

    <p>The fact that the agent exists within an environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An agent demonstrating 'sociability' will likely:

    <p>Interact with other agents or humans in a peer-to-peer manner. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best example of an 'effector' in a robotic agent?

    <p>A motor system moving the robot's arm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of an automated taxi driver, which of the following is NOT considered part of the agent's 'percept'?

    <p>Steering wheel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simple reflex agent's range of applicability is limited because:

    <p>It operates on a basis of predefined reactions and fully observable environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agent program uses 'condition-action rules' to initiate responses?

    <p>Simple reflex agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a model-based reflex agent from a simple reflex agent?

    <p>The use of an internal model of the world. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct action of an automated taxi driver agent based on the provided content?

    <p>Initiating a braking maneuver when another car brakes ahead (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of a simple reflex agent makes it unable to deal with environments that are not fully observable?

    <p>Lack of internal model of the world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary function of an agent's 'model of the world'?

    <p>To infer information about the world which the agent has not perceived. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided content, which of the following is an example of a 'condition' in a condition-action rule for a simple reflex agent?

    <p>The car in front is braking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic that distinguishes goal-based agents from reflexive agents?

    <p>Goal-based agents have explicit goals and can reason about the future, while reflexive agents do not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A utility function, in the context of utility-based agents, primarily serves to:

    <p>Rank the desirability of different states, often using real numbers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how goal-based agents decide which action to take?

    <p>They select actions based on how well those actions achieve their given goals, computed on the fly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for an environment to be 'effectively accessible' for an agent?

    <p>The agent's sensors detect all aspects of the environment that are relevant to decision-making. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do utility-based agents handle situations where multiple goals conflict?

    <p>They use utility functions to weigh the importance of each goal and choose accordingly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these characteristics is NOT associated to goal-based agents?

    <p>They are limited to a one-step lookahead. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a deterministic environment, what determines the next state of the environment?

    <p>The next state is completely determined by the current state and the action selected by the agent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A key difference between utility-based and goal-based agents is that utility-based agents:

    <p>use utility functions to make finer distinctions between different states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an agent's 'model of the world'?

    <p>To predict the consequences of its future actions and keep track of unobserved parts of the world. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a model-based reflex agent incorporate new information?

    <p>It integrates the new percept into its internal state, updates the state and reevaluates its action rules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a simple reflex agent and a model-based reflex agent?

    <p>Model-based reflex agents can simulate and predict future states based on an internal model, while simple reflex agents react solely to current percepts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are goal-based agents considered more flexible than model-based reflex agents?

    <p>Goal based agents can act differently for the same sequence of percepts depending on the goal, which a model based reflex agent cannot. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does integrating a percept to the State mean for a model-based agent?

    <p>It means the agent updates its internal state with the latest sensory input, to keep the most accurate and relevant model of the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for an agent to 'evaluate condition-action rules' for a given state?

    <p>To select the action that is the best fit based on pre-defined rules and the current state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core characteristic of goal-based agent decision making?

    <p>It considers future states for planning, and evaluates potential actions against possible future states to determine which action to choose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of AI is dedicated to the discovery of action sequences that achieve an agent’s goals?

    <p>Search and Planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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