Locomotory System: Bones, Muscles, and Joints

Bones = Composed of ground substance, mineral salts, and cells like osteocytes Muscles = Responsible for all body movement due to their ability to contract Joints = Provide the body with a supportive framework allowing flexibility of movement Periosteum = A fibrous membrane surrounding the bone made up of connective tissue, vessels, and nerve fibers

Matrix = Gives bone its characteristic properties by providing resilience Mineral salts = Provide hardness to the bone when deposited among protein fibres Compact bone = Hard, dense shell with fine channels for blood vessels to enter Spongy bone = Located inside the compact bone and contains bone marrow for cell formation

Destroyed fibres = Results in brittle bones Dissolved salts with acid = Causes bones to become rubbery Presence of protein fibres = Confer resilience to the bone Insoluble mineral salts = Provide hardness to the bone structure

Stem cells = Give rise to erythrocytes, leucocytes, and platelets Erythrocytes = Red blood cells produced in the bone marrow Leucocytes = White blood cells formed in the bone marrow Platelets = Cell fragments important for blood clotting, produced in the bone marrow

Ground substance = Mainly phosphates of calcium Matrix = Network of protein fibers with insoluble mineral salts deposited among them Cells in bone = Osteocytes and endostal cells Periosteum = Made up of connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, nerve fibers

Destroyed fibers = Brittle bone Dissolved salts with acid = Rubbery bone Compact bone = Hard, dense shell traversed by Haversian canals Spongy bone = Situated inside the compact bone, contains bone marrow

Stem cells = Erythrocytes, leucocytes, and platelets Erythrocytes = Produced from stem cells in the bone marrow Leucocytes = Derived from stem cells in the bone marrow Platelets = Formed from stem cells found in the bone marrow

Muscles = Responsible for all body movement as they can contract Joints = Provide flexibility of movement in the body Bones = Provide a supportive framework for the body Periosteum = Tightly surrounds the bone, made up of various components

Compact bone = Hard, dense shell with fine channels for blood vessels, insensitive itself Spongy bone = Located inside the compact bone, contains bone marrow crucial for cell production Periosteum = Fibrous membrane surrounding the bone, composed of different tissues and cells Bone marrow = Area within spongy bone where stem cells produce blood components like erythrocytes and platelets

Matrix in bones = Gives bones characteristic properties and consists of protein fibers and mineral salts Haversian canals in bones = Fine channels through compact bone for blood vessel entry to inner parts of bones Bone marrow in bones = Located in spongy area, essential for producing erythrocytes, leucocytes, and platelets Periosteum of bones = Fibrous membrane tightly surrounding bones, composed of connective tissue and nerve fibers

Ground substance = Protein fibres with insoluble mineral salts Matrix = Network of protein fibres with mineral salts deposited among them Mineral salts = Mainly phosphates of calcium Cells (osteocytes and endostal cells) = Scanty in bone

Brittle bone = Result of destroyed fibres Hard bone = Due to compact bone structure Resilient bone = Result of intact protein fibres Rubbery bone = Outcome of dissolved salts with acid

Stem cells = Erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets Nerve fibres = Do not penetrate compact bone Pluripotent cells = Important in bone growth and sanction Blood vessels = Enter inside bone through Haversian canals

Bones = Provide supportive framework for movement Muscles = Responsible for all body movement Joints = Allow flexibility of movement Periosteum = Fibrous membrane tightly surrounding bones

Bones = Provide supportive framework for movement Muscles = Responsible for all body movement Joints = Allow flexibility of movement Periosteum = Protect and nourish bones

Compact bone = Hard, dense shell with Haversian canals for blood vessels Spongy bone = Inner part where bone marrow is situated Periosteum = Fibrous membrane tightly surrounding bones Bone marrow = Site for stem cell production of blood components