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Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary roles of minerals in bone composition?
What is one of the primary roles of minerals in bone composition?
Which component of bone helps it to resist twisting forces?
Which component of bone helps it to resist twisting forces?
What happens to bone when its non-organic component is removed?
What happens to bone when its non-organic component is removed?
What structure runs through the center of an osteon?
What structure runs through the center of an osteon?
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How do the collagen fibers in adjacent lamellae differ?
How do the collagen fibers in adjacent lamellae differ?
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Where is cancellous bone primarily found in the skeleton?
Where is cancellous bone primarily found in the skeleton?
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What are Volkmann’s canals responsible for in the structure of bone?
What are Volkmann’s canals responsible for in the structure of bone?
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Which of the following describes the arrangement of trabeculae in cancellous bone?
Which of the following describes the arrangement of trabeculae in cancellous bone?
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What is one primary function of bones in the skeletal system?
What is one primary function of bones in the skeletal system?
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Which type of cartilage is known for its flexibility and is found in structures such as the external ear?
Which type of cartilage is known for its flexibility and is found in structures such as the external ear?
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How many bones are typically found in an adult human skeleton?
How many bones are typically found in an adult human skeleton?
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What structure does hyaline cartilage primarily support in the body?
What structure does hyaline cartilage primarily support in the body?
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Which type of cartilage resists both compression and tension and is found in the intervertebral disc?
Which type of cartilage resists both compression and tension and is found in the intervertebral disc?
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What is a function of the skeletal system in protecting vital structures?
What is a function of the skeletal system in protecting vital structures?
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Which bones are included in the axial skeleton?
Which bones are included in the axial skeleton?
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Which type of cartilage is characterized by becoming calcified with age?
Which type of cartilage is characterized by becoming calcified with age?
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What type of bone is primarily responsible for hematopoiesis in adults?
What type of bone is primarily responsible for hematopoiesis in adults?
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Which structure is formed from the ossification of the growth epiphyseal plate in adulthood?
Which structure is formed from the ossification of the growth epiphyseal plate in adulthood?
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Which bone is classified as a sesamoid bone?
Which bone is classified as a sesamoid bone?
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What is the primary purpose of the medullary cavity in long bones?
What is the primary purpose of the medullary cavity in long bones?
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Which type of bones are characterized by the presence of cavities or sinuses?
Which type of bones are characterized by the presence of cavities or sinuses?
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Which part of the long bone serves as the main area for loading and support during weight-bearing activities?
Which part of the long bone serves as the main area for loading and support during weight-bearing activities?
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Which bones are considered flat bones and are part of the skull?
Which bones are considered flat bones and are part of the skull?
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What is the primary characteristic of irregular bones?
What is the primary characteristic of irregular bones?
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Study Notes
Locomotor System
- Includes bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and associated tissues.
- Responsible for body movement and maintaining form.
Passive Part
- Skeletal system: Provides support, protection, and serves as a framework for the body.
- Joints: Allow for movement between bones.
Active Part
- Muscular system: Responsible for generating force and movement.
Nervous, Cardiovascular, Sensory, and Endocrine Systems
- These systems play a crucial role in the function of the locomotor system.
Composition Of The Bone
- Bone provides hardness and resistance to compression thanks to mineral components.
- Organic components, such as collagen, provide elasticity and resistance to stretching and twisting.
- When bone is demineralized in acid, it becomes pliable and can be easily bent or twisted.
Types Of Bone Tissue
- Compact bone: Dense and strong, found in the shaft (diaphysis) of long bones.
- Spongy (cancellous) bone: Found in axial skeleton (vertebrae), flat bones (diploë), and the ends (epiphyses) of long bones.
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Compact (cortical) bone: The dense, outer layer of bone.
- Contains osteons (Haversian systems) which are long, cylindrical structures with concentric lamellae (layers of bone matrix).
- Lamellae: Collagen fibers run in a single direction within each lamella, but in opposite directions in adjacent lamellae, allowing the bone to resist twisting forces.
- Haversian Canal: Runs through the center of the osteon, containing blood vessels and nerves.
- Osteons are interconnected via Volkmann's canals.
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Cancellous (spongy) bone:
- Appears less structured than compact bone and lacks osteons.
- Contains trabeculae composed of lamellae with spaces filled with red bone marrow.
- Trabeculae are arranged in a pattern that resists local strains and stress.
Cartilage
- Hyaline: Most abundant type; provides support, flexibility, and resilience. Found in articular cartilage, ribs, and the nose.
- Elastic: Contains elastic fibers for greater flexibility; found in the external ear, epiglottis, and external nose.
- Fibrocartilage: Resists both compression and tension; found in the meniscus and intervertebral discs.
Types of Bones
- Long bones: Have a shaft and expanded epiphyses.
- Short bones: Ossa brevia (e.g., wrist and tarsal bones).
- Flat bones: Ossa plana (e.g., ilium, sternum, scapula, and skull bones).
- Irregular bones: Ossa irregularia (e.g., sphenoid bone).
- Pneumatic bones: Ossa pneumatica (e.g., Maxilla, Ethmoid) contain cavities called sinuses.
- Sesamoid bones: Ossa sesamoideae (e.g., patella – kneecap).
- Sutural bones: Os incae, small bones located within the sutures of the skull.
General Guidelines For Osteology Studies
- Recognize the bone: Identify it by name and explain its location in the skeleton.
- Provide a characteristic: Briefly describe the bone's function or overall shape (e.g., humerus is a long bone belonging to the skeleton of the arm).
- Name its main parts: Identify the proximal end, shaft, and distal end (if applicable).
- Describe each part: Explain the features of each part, including any surface details, grooves, or foramina.
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Description
This quiz covers the locomotor system, focusing on the skeletal and muscular systems as well as the role of associated tissues. Learn about the composition of bone, types of bone tissue, and their functions in body movement and support.
