Locomotor System Overview
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Locomotor System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary roles of minerals in bone composition?

  • To provide resilience during bending
  • To aid in joint flexibility
  • To form blood within the bone
  • To give bone its characteristic hardness (correct)
  • Which component of bone helps it to resist twisting forces?

  • Collagen fibers (correct)
  • Calcium salts
  • Red bone marrow
  • Lamellae arrangement
  • What happens to bone when its non-organic component is removed?

  • It becomes more mineralized
  • It develops more osteons
  • It becomes denser and stronger
  • It becomes soft, elastic, and pliable (correct)
  • What structure runs through the center of an osteon?

    <p>Haversian canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the collagen fibers in adjacent lamellae differ?

    <p>They run in the opposite direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is cancellous bone primarily found in the skeleton?

    <p>In the axial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Volkmann’s canals responsible for in the structure of bone?

    <p>Connecting adjacent osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the arrangement of trabeculae in cancellous bone?

    <p>Regular pattern to withstand local stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary function of bones in the skeletal system?

    <p>Supporting the weight of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is known for its flexibility and is found in structures such as the external ear?

    <p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are typically found in an adult human skeleton?

    <p>206 bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does hyaline cartilage primarily support in the body?

    <p>Joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage resists both compression and tension and is found in the intervertebral disc?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of the skeletal system in protecting vital structures?

    <p>Protecting the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are included in the axial skeleton?

    <p>Skull and vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is characterized by becoming calcified with age?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is primarily responsible for hematopoiesis in adults?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed from the ossification of the growth epiphyseal plate in adulthood?

    <p>Epiphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is classified as a sesamoid bone?

    <p>Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the medullary cavity in long bones?

    <p>Store fat cells and produce blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bones are characterized by the presence of cavities or sinuses?

    <p>Pneumatic bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the long bone serves as the main area for loading and support during weight-bearing activities?

    <p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are considered flat bones and are part of the skull?

    <p>Parietal and occipital bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of irregular bones?

    <p>They do not fit into other bone classifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Locomotor System

    • Includes bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and associated tissues.
    • Responsible for body movement and maintaining form.

    Passive Part

    • Skeletal system: Provides support, protection, and serves as a framework for the body.
    • Joints: Allow for movement between bones.

    Active Part

    • Muscular system: Responsible for generating force and movement.

    Nervous, Cardiovascular, Sensory, and Endocrine Systems

    • These systems play a crucial role in the function of the locomotor system.

    Composition Of The Bone

    • Bone provides hardness and resistance to compression thanks to mineral components.
    • Organic components, such as collagen, provide elasticity and resistance to stretching and twisting.
    • When bone is demineralized in acid, it becomes pliable and can be easily bent or twisted.

    Types Of Bone Tissue

    • Compact bone: Dense and strong, found in the shaft (diaphysis) of long bones.
    • Spongy (cancellous) bone: Found in axial skeleton (vertebrae), flat bones (diploë), and the ends (epiphyses) of long bones.
    • Compact (cortical) bone: The dense, outer layer of bone.
      • Contains osteons (Haversian systems) which are long, cylindrical structures with concentric lamellae (layers of bone matrix).
      • Lamellae: Collagen fibers run in a single direction within each lamella, but in opposite directions in adjacent lamellae, allowing the bone to resist twisting forces.
      • Haversian Canal: Runs through the center of the osteon, containing blood vessels and nerves.
      • Osteons are interconnected via Volkmann's canals.
    • Cancellous (spongy) bone:
      • Appears less structured than compact bone and lacks osteons.
      • Contains trabeculae composed of lamellae with spaces filled with red bone marrow.
      • Trabeculae are arranged in a pattern that resists local strains and stress.

    Cartilage

    • Hyaline: Most abundant type; provides support, flexibility, and resilience. Found in articular cartilage, ribs, and the nose.
    • Elastic: Contains elastic fibers for greater flexibility; found in the external ear, epiglottis, and external nose.
    • Fibrocartilage: Resists both compression and tension; found in the meniscus and intervertebral discs.

    Types of Bones

    • Long bones: Have a shaft and expanded epiphyses.
    • Short bones: Ossa brevia (e.g., wrist and tarsal bones).
    • Flat bones: Ossa plana (e.g., ilium, sternum, scapula, and skull bones).
    • Irregular bones: Ossa irregularia (e.g., sphenoid bone).
    • Pneumatic bones: Ossa pneumatica (e.g., Maxilla, Ethmoid) contain cavities called sinuses.
    • Sesamoid bones: Ossa sesamoideae (e.g., patella – kneecap).
    • Sutural bones: Os incae, small bones located within the sutures of the skull.

    General Guidelines For Osteology Studies

    • Recognize the bone: Identify it by name and explain its location in the skeleton.
    • Provide a characteristic: Briefly describe the bone's function or overall shape (e.g., humerus is a long bone belonging to the skeleton of the arm).
    • Name its main parts: Identify the proximal end, shaft, and distal end (if applicable).
    • Describe each part: Explain the features of each part, including any surface details, grooves, or foramina.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the locomotor system, focusing on the skeletal and muscular systems as well as the role of associated tissues. Learn about the composition of bone, types of bone tissue, and their functions in body movement and support.

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