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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of the giant cell tumor commonly found around the knee?
What is a characteristic feature of the giant cell tumor commonly found around the knee?
What histological feature is most commonly associated with osteosarcoma?
What histological feature is most commonly associated with osteosarcoma?
Which malignant tumor arises from the plasma cells in the bone marrow?
Which malignant tumor arises from the plasma cells in the bone marrow?
What is a common site for chondrosarcoma?
What is a common site for chondrosarcoma?
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Which tumor type is characterized by primitive round cells without any differentiation?
Which tumor type is characterized by primitive round cells without any differentiation?
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What is the prognosis of locally malignant chondroma?
What is the prognosis of locally malignant chondroma?
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Which tumor is more common than chondrosarcoma but less common than osteosarcoma?
Which tumor is more common than chondrosarcoma but less common than osteosarcoma?
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In which areas is multiple myeloma primarily found?
In which areas is multiple myeloma primarily found?
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What is the histological appearance of a giant cell tumor?
What is the histological appearance of a giant cell tumor?
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How does chondrosarcoma typically differ from osteosarcoma histologically?
How does chondrosarcoma typically differ from osteosarcoma histologically?
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Study Notes
Locally Malignant Bone Tumors
- Adamantinoma (Mandible & Maxilla): A malignant tumor arising from ameloblasts. Found around the knee, distal femur, and proximal tibia.
- Adamantinoma (Long Bones): A locally malignant tumor, primarily occurring in those over 40.
- Chondroma: A locally malignant tumor (or malignant) mostly occurring in people over 40.
- Osteosarcoma: The most common primary malignant bone tumor.
- Chondrosarcoma: Less common than osteosarcoma.
- Fibrosarcoma: An uncommon bone tumor arising from periosteum.
- Plasma Cell Multiple Myeloma: A malignant tumor arising from plasma cells in bone marrow.
- Ewing's sarcoma: A malignant bone tumor characterized by primitive round cells without any differentiation.
Site and Location
- Adamantinoma: Can occur around the knee, involves the distal femur and proximal tibia, and both epiphyses and metaphyses. Commonly found in the mandible and maxilla.
- Adamantinoma (Long Bones): Primarily located within long bones.
- Chondroma: Commonly found in the sacrococcygeal region.
- Osteosarcoma & Chondrosarcoma: Primarily located around the central portion of the skeleton.
- Fibrosarcoma: Generally found in the femur and tibia.
- Plasma Cell Multiple Myeloma: Originates in bone marrow.
- Ewing's Sarcoma: Often found in the medullary canal of the femur or flat bones of the pelvis.
Gross Features
- Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastoma): Eccentric mass eroding cortical bone, covering cortical bone becomes thinned (egg-shell like), brownish, and frequently shows cystic degeneration. Hemorrhage is common.
- Adamantinoma: Oval mononuclear stromal cells, dark nuclei, with various degrees of atypia. Multinucleated giant cells (up to 100 nuclei) that are osteoclastic in type, are also present.
- Chordoma: Infiltrative gelatinous mass, large mass extending within the medullary canal, destroying bone cortex, and extensive hemorrhage/necrosis.
- Osteosarcoma: Usually a firm grayish mass surrounding the bone, and infiltrates the bone cortex and medullary.
- Chondrosarcoma: Grows within the medullary canal.
Microscopic Features
- Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastoma): Mononuclear stromal cells, have dark nuclei, with various degrees of atypia, and multinucleated giant cells
- Adamantinoma: Islands of odontogenic epithelium within a fibrous stroma.
- Chordroma: Infiltrative gelatinous mass with various features.
- Osteosarcoma: Pleomorphic spindle cells, and include spindle and giant cells, showing anaplastic features.
- Chondrosarcoma: Hyaline matrix in low-grade tumors, abundant, Myxoid change and spotty calcifications in high-grade tumors. Vascularity and hemorrhage, more obvious in high-grade tumors.
- Fibrosarcoma: Pleomorphic spindle cells with low/high grade nuclear atypia, collagenous matrix, and thin-walled vessels.Hemorrhage and necrosis common in high-grade tumors.
- Plasma Cell Multiple Myeloma: Sheets of uniform, small blue round cells.
- Ewing's Sarcoma: Composed of small blue round cells with scant clear cytoplasm.
Prognosis
- Adamantinoma: Local recurrences after treatment, and distant metastases.
- Chordoma: Poor prognosis.
- Osteosarcoma: Generally better than chondrosarcoma, but local recurrences and distant metastases are still possible.
- Chondrosarcoma: Generally better than osteosarcoma.
- Fibrosarcoma: Slower progression with low grade tumors, but higher grade tumors present poor prognosis.
- Plasma Cell Multiple Myeloma: Varies based on grade but frequently has a worse prognosis.
- Ewing Sarcoma: Varies based on grade but frequently has a worse prognosis.
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Description
This quiz explores various types of locally malignant bone tumors, including Adamantinoma, Osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Learn about their characteristics, common sites, and prevalence in different age groups. Test your knowledge on these serious conditions.
