Local Area Plan for MPSC Exam
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What is a Local Area Plan (LAP)?

A Local Area Plan is a statutory planning mechanism that is devised to improve and enhance the existing developed areas. It is prepared for improving, retrofitting and/or solving issues in these currently developed areas. They are intended to provide more detailed planning proposals and policies for the areas which are anticipated to experience substantial redevelopment and transformation.

What are some of the factors that should be considered while delineating LAP boundaries?

  • Purpose of LAP (correct)
  • Zone Boundaries as identified in Development Plan (DP) (correct)
  • Existing development and neighborhood character (correct)
  • Physical features (both man-made and natural) (correct)
  • Number of properties (correct)
  • Relevant administrative boundaries (correct)
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What does LAP stand for?

    Local Area Plan

    The LAP mechanism is only used for newly developed areas.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main purposes of LAP?

    <p>The main purposes of LAP are to improve and revitalize existing areas, to provide more detailed planning proposals and policies for specific areas, to address the need for infrastructure upgrades, to take into account the unique character of a location and to ensure that residents are involved in the planning process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of areas might be designated as a LAP?

    <p>Areas such as those requiring urban renewal, development of transit-oriented areas, historical preservation or improvement of areas with informal settlements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The preparation of LAPs requires extensive stakeholder consultation.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does LAP help to promote the improvement of inner cities?

    <p>LAPs incentivize redevelopment and regeneration by allowing for better access to amenities and enhancing existing infrastructure. They promote a sensitive approach to planning and development in areas of heritage value, conserving and enhancing culture and the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first instance of inner-city improvement in India?

    <p>The City Improvement Trusts (CITs) were established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the aim of improving sanitation, housing, and infrastructure in cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the LAP mechanism?

    <p>The LAP mechanism aims to improve and revitalize existing urban areas, particularly the inner city and older suburbs, by addressing the challenges of congestion and deterioration, while taking into account the specific needs and context of the area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the LAP mechanism in the context of inner-city development?

    <p>The LAP mechanism is intended to provide a more focused and detailed approach to planning in comparison to the overall development plan (DP). It provides a framework for the improvement and regeneration of inner-city areas, addressing issues that are specific to these areas, such as housing, infrastructure, and public spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can LAPs be used to promote sustainable urban development?

    <p>LAPs can be used to promote sustainable urban development by emphasizing the principles of regeneration and revitalization. By focusing on existing areas, they promote the efficient use of existing infrastructure and resources. LAPs can also incorporate green urban design principles, such as pedestrian-friendly streets, green spaces, and sustainable transportation solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The LAP process usually involves a top-down approach.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LAPs can be used for both Greenfield and Brownfield areas.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do LAPs facilitate a comprehensive approach to inner-city development?

    <p>LAPs bring together various elements of urban planning, including physical infrastructure, public spaces, social amenities, and economic development, into a cohesive plan for an area. This comprehensive perspective helps to address the complex challenges of inner-city development effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of areas where LAPs might be used?

    <p>LAPs could be used in areas such as redeveloping old industrial sites, reviving historic downtowns, improving infrastructure in congested neighborhoods, creating transit-oriented developments, or enhancing greenspaces in densely populated areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe how the LAP concept has been implemented in Bhutan.

    <p>Bhutan's LAPs are used to translate and implement the visions of their overall structure plans, focusing on a 'micro scale implementation' approach. They emphasize efficient access to amenities, land pooling, and community participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between LAPs in India and Bhutan?

    <p>In India, LAPs are a relatively recent addition to the planning framework, focused on addressing the challenges of brownfield redevelopment in existing urban areas. In Bhutan, LAPs are more directly tied to the implementation of their overall structure plans and emphasize land pooling as a key strategy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the LAP in Gujarat focused on?

    <p>The LAP in Gujarat is focused on revitalizing, regenerating, and redeveloping existing urban areas, particularly in the inner city and old city heritage areas. It emphasizes the importance of incentivised redevelopment and conservation, rather than coercive methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the primary purposes of LAPs in Gujarat?

    <p>LAPs in Gujarat aim to improve the existing infrastructure, provide incentives for redevelopment and conservation, and make the city more livable and attractive. They are a crucial tool in addressing the challenges of brownfield regeneration in India's rapidly growing urban landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge that Indian cities face in implementing LAPs?

    <p>The main challenge is the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses the complexities of existing urban areas and the need to balance the needs of different stakeholders. This necessitates significant coordination between different agencies and levels of government, as well as ensuring active community participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The LAP mechanism is used to prioritize greenfield development over brownfield redevelopment.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Local Area Plan (LAP) for MPSC Exam

    • A statutory planning mechanism to improve existing developed areas
    • Aims to improve, retrofit, and solve issues in existing areas
    • Creates detailed planning proposals and policies for areas with anticipated substantial redevelopment
    • LAP allows cities/urban authorities to re-plan, revive, and regenerate existing inner city areas
    • A micro-level planning tool to execute larger vision embedded in the Development Plan (DP) for specific areas
    • Involves elements like plot reconstitution, master planning, regulating private development via form-based regulations. Consultation with stakeholders and plot owners is crucial
    • Different types of LAPs exist, depending on the development vision, including:
      • Urban Regeneration of Developed Areas
      • Transit-Oriented Development
      • Improving Urban Areas with Heritage Value
      • Improving Areas with Informal Settlements
      • Special Development Areas (e.g., religious tourism, healthcare, knowledge precincts)

    Why LAP Mechanism?

    • Over the past few decades, rapid urbanization and migration to urban areas led to urbanization issues
    • Existing DP-TP schemes primarily focus on greenfield areas
    • Older inner city areas and developed suburbs often lack focused planning and development
    • Leads to congestion and deterioration, thus the need for LAP for inner city development through careful evaluation and planning

    Understanding History and Background of LAP Mechanism in India (City Improvement Trusts)

    • The concept of improving existing urban areas goes back to early stages of urbanization in India
    • City Improvement Trusts (CITs) were established, historically in Bombay (1898) in response to the Bombay Plague of 1896
      • Initial focus was improving housing and sanitation in slums and tenements
      • Extended to physical planning (e.g., new streets, housing for low-income residents and declogging crowded locales) with an imperial/commercial power drive
    • Several CITs were established in other provinces of colonial India (Mysore, Calcutta, and United Provinces/Lucknow) during the early 20th Century. Several more were established post independence.

    Steps in the Preparation of LAP

    • Study of the area
    • Delineation of boundary for LAP & Publication of Delineated Boundary for LAP
    • Identifying the contents of LAP
    • Publication of Draft LAP
    • Meeting with the owners
    • Submission of Draft LAP to State Government
    • State Government sanctions or refuses sanction to the LAP
    • Surrender of Land under public domain to the appropriate authority (where applicable)
    • Implementation of the approved LAP

    Consideration for Delineating LAP Boundaries

    • Purpose of LAP: maintain a consistent perspective (e.g., LAP for Transit Oriented Development (TOD) should consider walkable distances from public transit)
    • Zone Boundaries: align with existing Development Plan zones to the maximum extent possible
    • TPS Boundaries: consider existing Transport Scheme (TPS) boundaries when determining LAP boundaries. They should ideally fall within the same TPS zone
    • Multiple TPS schemes may need to be delineated as a single LAP

    Detailed Physical Features Survey for Base Map

    • Detailed physical features surveys are critical in preparing the base map for LAPs
    • Methods for conducting these surveys may include (but are not limited to):
      • Topographic survey methods (e.g., total station surveying)
      • Newer methods (e.g., drone surveying)
    • Qualified surveyors and staff are essential for this data collection and verification
    • Surveys of natural features should include contours (at 50 meters interval), low-lying areas, & water bodies
    • Surveys of man-made features should capture built features (as necessary)

    Preparing the Base Map

    • A Base Map of the Delineated LAP Area needs to be prepared
    • If a final sanctioned TP Scheme exists, the Final Plot (FP) Plan and subsequent F-Forms serve as the base map and will be crucial in the process
    • For non-TP Scheme areas, the authority should hire appropriate consultants for generating a high-quality base map incorporating all relevant layers.

    Publication of LAP Boundary

    • The Authority "publishes" the Delineated LAP Boundary when the plan for the area is final .

    Existing Situation Assessment

    • Detailed analysis of land use, ownership, building use, transportation network, infrastructure, topography, environmental features, informal activities, and property rates are carried out

    Planning and Design of LAP

    • Stakeholders’ consultation for preparing Vision & Concept of LAP
    • Identifying Purpose & Vision for LAP
    • Identifying Planning & Design Principles for LAP
    • Preparations of Schematic Layout
    • Assessment of areas with different urban character and built form
    • Guidelines for Street Network Planning & Design
    • Guidelines for Integrating Informal Activities
    • Guidelines for Preparing Parking Management Plan
    • Guidelines for Providing Physical Infrastructure (e.g., open spaces, network of green spaces and water bodies.)
    • Guidelines for Locating Social Amenities

    LAP Maps

    • Critical components of LAPs
    • Include Base Map showing plot ownership, ground, buildings and floor data
    • Land Use Maps showing existing land use on individual plots & buildings.
    • Updated Street Network map that includes revised street networks, including new pedestrian and vehicular streets and improvements to existing ones
    • Inclusion of revised plots with plot numbers, and public purpose zones such as parking lots and plazas.

    Urban Design and Regulations Map

    • Regulations regarding building footprint, building heights allowable, set-backs, and build-to-line are displayed.
    • Includes Green & Open Space Network: depicts existing and new open spaces, parks, and water bodies (and their contour)
    • Includes all existing and planned infrastructure (water supply, sewerage, storm water, solid waste disposal & electrical infrastructure)

    Case Studies of Various Local Area Plan Mechanisms

    • Case studies of LAP in diverse locations (Ireland, Bhutan, Maharashtra, Delhi) provide examples of implementation, with varied local definitions.

    Local Area Plan Definition (Ireland)

    • Detailed planning policies for areas expecting significant development and change
    • Especially focused on planning at the local level
    • Driven by proper public participation and democratic oversight

    Statutory Provision for Local Area Plans

    • Legislation like the Planning and Development Act 2000 introduced the concept of LAPs within the framework of higher-level plans in (e.g., Regional Guidelines).
    • Municipal bodies across various geographies have started implementing LAPs for both greenfield and brownfield areas

    Local Area Plan Definition (Bhutan)

    • Detailed spatial/physical plans presenting proposals and solutions at the local level
    • Aligned with structure plans, ensuring efficient vehicular & pedestrian access to public amenities
    • Focuses on analyzing existing land use patterns, built features, and infrastructure layouts
    • The plans also consider topography, surface hydrology, and the natural environment

    LAP in Gujarat

    • Gujarat had a focus primarily on Greenfield development via the DP-TP scheme. Amendment to legislation allowed for preparation of LAPs for existing developed areas that were showing signs of deterioration.
    • Aims to reimagine inner city areas

    Provision in UDCPR

    • Definition and format of Local Area Plan that goes beyond just Development Plans and accommodates micro-level planning criteria

    Plans for Comprehensive Development in Maharashtra

    • No formal provisions in the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, as yet for brownfield development/redevelopment

    Delhi

    • Delhi implements LAPs through a ward/subzone-level approach, defined by the concerned local body and incorporating a Master Plan, Zonal Plan, and Layout Plan

    Planning and Design of LAP

    • Local area plans focus on quality outcomes, taking into account community participation, and aiming to support city rejuvenization at both local and broader scale

    • Procedures are established for implementing LAPs and determining boundaries, as described previously.

    • Include all necessary information required to complete a Local Area Plan (data & procedures).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the key aspects of the Local Area Plan (LAP), a vital statutory planning mechanism for urban redevelopment. Explore various types of LAPs and their roles in improving and regenerating existing urban areas. Understand the importance of stakeholder consultation and the elements involved in effective planning.

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