Animal Med 1 chapt 7

Local anesthetics are first-tier agents used in conjunction with general anesthesia to enhance pain control during and after surgery. The dose of the general anesthetic required may be significantly increased because of the analgesia provided by the local anesthetic

Which of the following is/are most commonly used for skin infiltration

Use of a chemical agent on sensory neurons to disrupt nerve impulse transmission leading to temporary loss of sensation

Which of the following is/are an advantage(s) of local anesthesia (also referred to as local analgesia)

When performing ruminant obstetric and abdominal procedures what type of anesthesia/analgesia would you use

Which of the following do not affect the brain and have no sedative effect, Have few cardiovascular or respiratory effects, Exert action close to the site of injection, and DO NOT normally cross the placenta

Because motor neurons are also sensitive to the effect of local anesthetics, administration of a local anesthetic may cause temporary paresis (Weakness) or paralysis (loss of voluntary movements) in the area served by the affected motor neurons

When applying local anesthetics to open wounds, it is okay to apply large amounts liberally as local anesthetics are extremely safe

Temporary loss of function is referred to as a sympathetic blockade

Example of a eutectic mixture

The use of sprays or soaked gauze sponges is called a:

For local anesthetic infiltration, lidocaine is most commonly used _____ epinephrine

Nerve blocks are used for which of the following

Used in food animals and equine surgery for teat surgery or wound repair

Used for tail amputation, anal sac removal, perianal surgery, urethrostomies, and some rear limb operations

Motor block may affect tail and limb mobility

Serious toxicity and death with infiltration into the cranial portion of the spinal cord is an adverse effect of local anesthetics

Local anesthetic is injected into a major nerve plexus or proximity to the spinal cord

During a paravertebral block for ruminants the dorsal and ventral branches of the spinal nerves ________ and _______ are blocked if anesthesia of the paralumbar fossa is required

This technique is most commonly used for surgery of the lower extremity, including amputation of a digit.

Should not be used for for intravenous regional anesthesia because cardiotoxicity is likely to occur after release of the tourniquet

An abnormal sensation of tingling, pain, or irritation

Active phase of ventilation

 Anesthetist delivers an increased volume of air or oxygen/anesthetic gases to the patient  Patient initiates inspiration

 Related to the breakdown of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions, which can lead to respiratory acidosis

 Related to less oxygen entering the lungs to be absorbed into the blood

Typer of controlled PPV (patient is intubated and connected to anesthetic machine)

For some animals periodic bagging is insufficient, Animals with preexisting heart/lung disease, diaphragmatic hernias, low VT, and/or respiratory rate

Neuromuscular blocking agents are muscle paralyzing agents that are administered when an animal is unconscious and respiration is controlled by intermittent mandatory mechanical ventilation

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents do not interrupt normal impulse transmission from motor neuron to muscle synapse

Both depolarizing and nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents interrupt normal impulse transmission from motor neuron to muscle synapse

There is no initial surge of activity when using nondepolarizing NMBAs

Nondepolarizing NMBAs

Non depolarizing agents are reversed with an anticholinesterase agent

Cause a single surge of activity followed by muscle inactivation

Local anesthetic agents