Local Anesthesia and Nerve Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What occurs during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

  • The nerve membrane becomes less permeable to sodium ions.
  • Potassium ions rapidly move into the extracellular fluid.
  • Sodium ions rapidly enter the intracellular fluid. (correct)
  • The nerve cell returns to a negative internal charge.

    • What is the primary mechanism of action for local anesthetics?

  • They inhibit the function of the sodium pump.
  • They increase the nerve membrane's permeability to potassium ions.
  • They reduce the nerve membrane's permeability to sodium ions. (correct)
  • They enhance the movement of sodium ions into the nerve cell.

    • What does phase three of the action potential involve?

  • The nerve cell becomes electrically positive compared to the outside.
  • Na⁺ is actively transported into the cell by sodium pumps.
  • The nerve membrane becomes more permeable to Na⁺.
  • K⁺ ions diffusely leave the cell, leading to repolarization. (correct)

    • Which of the following local anesthetics is also known as 'Marcaine'?

    <p>Bupivacaine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the resting state of a nerve cell, what describes the charges inside and outside the cell?

    <p>Negative inside, positive outside. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of administering local anesthesia during dental hygiene care?

    <p>To provide freedom from pain and stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about local anesthetic agents is correct?

    <p>They prevent both the generation and transmission of nerve impulses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ions are primarily involved in the physiology of nerve conduction affected by local anesthetics?

    <p>Potassium (K+) and Sodium (Na+) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is local anesthesia most likely to be required?

    <p>During therapeutic scaling and root planing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is NOT a characteristic of local anesthesia?

    <p>Induces total body relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sodium pump in nerve conduction?

    <p>It maintains the resting negative charge inside the nerve cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anesthesia is distinctly different from local anesthesia?

    <p>General anesthesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may indicate that a client requires local anesthesia?

    <p>Heightened sensitivity in teeth or soft tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Action Potential

    A rapid sequence of changes in a nerve's membrane involving depolarization and repolarization.

    Resting State

    When the nerve membrane is polarized with a negatively charged interior and positively charged exterior.

    Depolarization

    Phase where sodium ions enter the nerve cell, reversing its electrical charge.

    Repolarization

    The process of returning to resting potential after depolarization by moving Na⁺ out and K⁺ in.

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    Local Anesthetics Action

    They reduce sodium permeability in nerve membranes, preventing pain signal transmission.

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    Local Anesthesia

    Loss of sensation in a specific area due to nerve signal inhibition.

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    Role of Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene

    Helps provide pain relief during dental cleaning and procedures.

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    Local Complications

    Adverse effects occurring at the site of anesthetic administration.

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    Systemic Complications

    Adverse effects that affect the whole body due to anesthesia.

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    Nerve Conduction Physiology

    Process involving ion movement across nerve membranes to transmit signals.

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    Sodium Pump

    Mechanism that transports sodium ions out of nerve cells.

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    Chemical Barrier

    Local anesthetics create a barrier preventing nerve signal transmission.

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    Indications for Local Anesthesia

    Conditions when local anesthesia is necessary for dental procedures.

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