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Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes a text with a cause-and-effect structure?

It presents a problem and its solution.

It explains why something occurs. (correct)

It compares different ideas.

It lists several events.

Which option best states the main idea of the passage?

Both types of states require strong leadership.

Former republics will rebel if not tightly controlled. (correct)

Former republics are more difficult to rule than hereditary states. (correct)

Hereditary states are easier to manage.

What is Machiavelli's primary purpose in writing this passage?

To persuade readers that a conquering prince must destroy a former republic if he hopes to hold it.

What is Machiavelli's secondary purpose in writing this passage?

To inform readers about the tactics Sparta and Rome used to hold cities and their effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

Which statements best describe a text with a problem-and-solution structure? (Select two options)

It identifies an issue to be resolved. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes the central idea of the paragraph?

There are three ways for a prince to hold a newly acquired state that is accustomed to freedom: ruin it, live there, or create an oligarchy that is loyal to him—and the third way is easiest. Signup and view all the answers

What organizational structure does Machiavelli use to develop the central idea in this passage?

Compare and contrast Signup and view all the answers

Which statements describe a text with an argumentative structure? (Select three options)

It states an opinion. Signup and view all the answers

What impact do the words feared and hatred have on the meaning of the passage?

They suggest that a ruler who is feared can retain power, while a ruler who is hated is less likely to do so. Signup and view all the answers

How does the repetition of the words cruel and cruelty affect the tone of the paragraph?

It creates a matter-of-fact tone as Machiavelli demonstrates the positive effects of a ruler's cruelty. Signup and view all the answers

What reasoning does Machiavelli use in this passage?

Deductive reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What meaning is emphasized by the use of the words merciful and mercy in the passage?

Machiavelli forces readers to carefully consider the meanings of the words merciful and mercy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of empirical evidence?

Empirical evidence is evidence based on scientific research. Signup and view all the answers

What reason does Warren give for believing that 'separate but equal' does not give minority children equal educational opportunities?

The findings that a sense of inferiority affects the motivation to learn. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cause-and-Effect Structure

A text with a cause-and-effect structure explains reasons behind events or situations.

Main Idea of Passage

Main idea: Former republics require tighter control to prevent rebellion, more challenging to govern than hereditary states.

Machiavelli's Primary Purpose

The primary aim is to persuade that a conquering prince must dismantle former republics for successful governance.

Problem-and-Solution Structure

This structure identifies issues and suggests resolutions, using terms like "answer," "difficulty," and "therefore."

Central Idea of Paragraph

A prince can maintain a newly acquired free state in three ways: ruin it, reside there, or set up a loyal oligarchy; the latter is the easiest.

Machiavelli's Secondary Purpose

Secondary aim includes enlightening readers on the strategies used by Sparta and Rome in maintaining control over cities.

Compare and Contrast Structure

Machiavelli employs a compare-and-contrast organizational structure when discussing Spartans and Romans' strategies.

Argumentative Structure

An argumentative text includes opinions, supported by evidence and reasons, while also addressing counterclaims.

Summary of Central Ideas

Observations from Sparta and Rome conclude that destruction of new, free states enhances retention of control.

Impact of Repetition

Repetition of "feared" emphasizes its importance in the narrative and impacts readers' perception.

Logical Evidence in Cruelty Argument

Machiavelli asserts that cruelty can be justified for new princes, supporting this with logical reasoning.

Tone Created by Repetition

The repetition of "cruel" and "cruelty" establishes a matter-of-fact tone, highlighting the beneficial aspects of cruelty in rule.

Reasoning Used by Machiavelli

Machiavelli does not employ deductive reasoning but rather presents evidence that suggests rulers must be ruthless.

Power Retention Through Fear

The terms "feared" and "hatred" convey the idea that power is maintained through fear; being hated jeopardizes authority.

Evaluation of Machiavelli's Argument

Machiavelli effectively argues that new princes must safeguard their territories and utilize power.

Emphasis on Mercy

Use of "merciful" and "mercy" invites readers to reflect critically on these concepts within the context of leadership.

Anecdotal Evidence

Machiavelli uses historical anecdotes to illustrate the necessity of cruelty in effective leadership, exemplified by Hannibal.

Support for Leadership Claim

Anecdotal evidence shows how Scipio's leniency led to unrest among his troops, supporting the claim that cruelty is sometimes necessary.

Definition of Empirical Evidence

Empirical evidence refers to data derived from scientific studies and research.

Separate but Equal Argument

Warren argues that "separate but equal" fails to provide minority children with equal educational opportunities due to the negative impact of perceived inferiority on motivation.