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Week 6 Pathophysiology Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the common composition of renal calculi?

Oxalate
Uric acid
Struvite
Calcium (correct)

What causes gouty arthritis pain?

Excessive alcohol consumption
Uric acid crystals (correct)
Stress and anxiety
A sedentary lifestyle

What ultimately leads to acute tubular necrosis?

Ischemia (correct)
Acute glomerulonephritis
Chronic kidney disease
Nephrotic syndrome

What are secondary conditions that are associated with end stage chronic renal disease? Select all that apply.

Hypertension (A), Anemia (B), Osteodystrophy (C), Azotemia (D), Electrolyte imbalance (@), Metabolic acidosis (@) Signup and view all the answers

Is high or low potassium considered life threatening?

Both high and low potassium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can hyperkalemia and hypokalemia ultimately lead to? Select all that apply.

Cardiac arrhythmias (A), Death (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent and initial symptom of bladder cancer?

Hematuria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can vesicoureteral reflux lead to?

Recurrent cystitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of the majority of urinary tract infections?

E. Coli infections (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a cystic dilation of the ureter called?

Ureterocele (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a ureterocele?

A cystic dilation of the ureter (A) Signup and view all the answers

Smoking is a risk factor for bladder cancer.

True (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is stress incontinence?

Involuntary leakage of urine during physical activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is urge incontinence?

A type of urinary incontinence characterized by a sudden, strong need to urinate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is cryptorchidism?

A condition where one or both testicles are not descended into the scrotum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Is cryptorchidism a cancer risk factor?

Yes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is uterine prolapse?

A condition where the uterus descends into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic support tissues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is endometriosis?

A condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are leiomyomas?

Fibroids that are typically found in the uterus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What commonly causes vulvovaginitis?

Candida albicans (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a pessary used to treat?

Uterine prolapse (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris