Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which component of attitude involves feelings and emotions regarding an object, person, or event?
Which component of attitude involves feelings and emotions regarding an object, person, or event?
People act on reality, not on their perceptions.
People act on reality, not on their perceptions.
False
What is the definition of personality?
What is the definition of personality?
The combination of psychological traits that characterize a person.
Stress management consists of making changes to your life if you are in a constant stressful situation and practicing ______ to prevent stress.
Stress management consists of making changes to your life if you are in a constant stressful situation and practicing ______ to prevent stress.
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Match the leadership terms with their descriptions:
Match the leadership terms with their descriptions:
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What is the primary focus of the Situational Leadership Theory (SLT)?
What is the primary focus of the Situational Leadership Theory (SLT)?
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According to Fiedler, leadership style can change depending on the situation.
According to Fiedler, leadership style can change depending on the situation.
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What does LPC stand for in Fiedler's leadership model?
What does LPC stand for in Fiedler's leadership model?
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Fiedler categorizes leadership styles into __________ oriented and __________ oriented.
Fiedler categorizes leadership styles into __________ oriented and __________ oriented.
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Match the following leadership styles with their characteristics:
Match the following leadership styles with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Module 4: Leadership Approaches and Theories
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Attitudes are value statements (favorable or unfavorable) about objects, people, or events. They have cognitive, affective, and behavioral components.
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Perception is how individuals organize and interpret sensory information to understand their environment. People act on their perceptions, not objective reality.
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Personality is a combination of psychological traits that characterize a person. Traits like shyness, aggressiveness, and ambition are consistent in various situations.
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Behavior is a response to an action, environment, person, or stimulus.
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Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience.
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Stress is mental, physical, or social force that demands on the body, emotions, mind, or spirit. Stress management involves changing lifestyles, self-care, and managing responses to stressful situations.
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Leadership is the process of influencing people to achieve common goals. Leaders use actions to motivate others towards shared goals. Managers influence their followers within their assigned authority.
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Leadership Theories and Styles
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Trait Theories: Try to identify characteristics distinguishing leaders from non-leaders. Traits are organized into categories like extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
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Behavioral Theories: Focus on identifying leader behaviors that differentiate effective from ineffective leaders.
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University of Iowa: identified autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire styles.
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Ohio State: identified consideration and initiating structure as key leadership behaviors.
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University of Michigan: identified employee-oriented and production-oriented styles.
- Contingency Theories: Suggest that the most effective leadership style depends on or is contingent upon the situation.
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Fiedler Model: A leader's effectiveness depends on their leadership style (task-oriented or relationship-oriented) and the situation. Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) questionnaire measures leadership style.
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Situational Leadership Theory (SLT): Leadership style adjusted based on follower readiness (ability and willingness). Styles include telling, selling, participating, and delegating.
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Path-Goal Theory: Leader's job to clarify the path to goals and reduce roadblocks. Styles include directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented.
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Contemporary Leadership Issues
- Power: A leader's capacity to influence actions or decisions.
- Trust: Belief in a leader's integrity, character, and competence.
- Empowering Employees: Increasing employees' decision-making latitude.
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Motivating Employees:
- Early Motivation Theories:
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Five hierarchical needs (physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization).
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ERG Theory: Condenses Maslow's needs into existence, relatedness, and growth needs.
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Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Intrinsic factors relate to job satisfaction, extrinsic factors to dissatisfaction.
- Contemporary Motivation Theories:
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Equity Theory: People compare their inputs/outcomes to others' to maintain perceived fairness.
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Expectancy Theory: Individuals act based on expectations that actions will lead to certain outcomes and the attractiveness of those outcomes.
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Goal-Setting Theory: Employees perform better with specific and challenging goals.
- Financial Motivational Techniques:
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Wage rate
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Piece rate
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Overtime rates
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Salary
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Commission
- Non-Financial Motivational Techniques:
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Job simplification
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Job rotation
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Job enlargement
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Job enrichment
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Job characteristics model
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Quality circles
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Managing Work Teams:
- Types of Work Teams:
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Problem-solving
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Self-managed
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Cross-functional
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Virtual
- Factors Determining Group Performance: composition, size, norms, cohesiveness.
- Stages of Team Development (Tuckman's Model): Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning.
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