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Questions and Answers

What are the 5 elements of culture? Give examples of each.

Language (Spanish, French, English), religion (Christianity), customs and beliefs (Thanksgiving), institutions (churches, schools, work), technology (computers, iPhones, tablets).

Which 2 elements either unite people or cause conflict? Explain.

Language and religion; language connects people via communication, while religion can create divides based on differing beliefs.

Define cultural convergence and divergence.

Cultural convergence is when different cultures come together due to similar traits; cultural divergence is when cultures separate due to disagreements.

Does cultural convergence or divergence affect globalization more? Explain.

<p>Cultural divergence affects globalization more as it leads to separatism and potential conflicts within societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify 2 examples of cultural convergence and divergence from current news stories. Explain why they are examples.

<p>Cultural convergence: McDonald's (exists globally), Curry-wurst (combines different cultures). Cultural divergence: Syria (religious conflicts), Yugoslavia (cultural separatism).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define economic systems.

<p>A system of making and exchanging goods/products and services as well as resources in a country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name and define the 3 types of economic systems. Give an example of an economic activity which could occur in each system.

<p>Mixed (government and people share power), Market (free economic system with varying freedom), Command (government controls all economic production). An example: Mixed could include regulated markets; Market could involve private businesses; Command could feature state-run industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do you think there are different economic systems? Could there be political, social, or cultural reasons? Such as?

<p>Different countries have varied economic systems due to their unique social and political contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits and challenges of a mixed economic system?

<p>Benefits include freedom of production means; challenges involve less varied goods due to government control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do so few countries have a command economy?

<p>So few countries have a command economy because it limits individual control over the economic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define a political system.

<p>A complete set of institutions, interest groups, and the relationships that govern political norms and rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a political system?

<p>To provide structure through laws for safety and order in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify and give the characteristics of the 6 political systems.

<p>Democracy (citizen power, majority rule), Republic (charter, constitution, minority rights), Theocracy (religious rule), Monarchy (birthright rule), Dictatorship (central control), Totalitarian (control over all aspects of life).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a democracy and a republic? Give an example of a difference.

<p>A republic follows a charter and has minority rights, while a democracy may not ensure those rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast a dictatorship to a theocracy.

<p>A dictatorship is ruled by an individual or a small group, while a theocracy is ruled by religious officials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analyze why the Neolithic Revolution changed settlement patterns.

<p>It led to the discovery of agriculture, requiring societies to settle for farming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the change in societal interactions between the Pre-Historic Age and the Neolithic Revolution and explain how we can tell.

<p>Social interactions shifted as women became less equal to men, indicating a gap and the concept of women as 'property.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept caused the change?

<p>The concept of property created gaps between the wealthy and the poor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what happened to family size and why it occurred?

<p>Family size increased to ensure the husband's success and bloodline continuation due to settled agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Would river valley civilizations have developed independently of each other or would they have developed dependent on one another? Why or why not?

<p>They would have developed independently due to access to water and fertile soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define colonialism and imperialism.

<p>Colonialism involves building societies; imperialism forces control over resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was political control of overseas territories changed due to European control?

<p>It evolved from overseas possessions and trading posts to the largest empire in history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the spread of western culture occur in the Americas and Africa?

<p>Through colonization and imperialism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast Africa's experience to the Americas in the Age of Exploration.

<p>Africa faced forced slavery while Americas colonized voluntarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas, Europe, and Africa?

<p>European diseases devastated the natives, while new crops and resources were exchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographic, political and cultural problems might arise because of the forced creation of new African nations by Europe?

<p>Geographic issues like access to water; political tensions could lead to civil war; cultural divergences may cause conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical geographic change occurred during the Industrialization period?

<p>Migration to cities and urbanization occurred due to job availability in manufacturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did new technology impact human spatial diffusion?

<p>Technology enhanced communication and connectivity among people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where were the raw materials to fuel the Industrial Revolution coming from? Was there an impact in Europe? Explain. Was there an impact overseas? Explain.

<p>Raw materials were sourced from regions acquired through imperialism; Europe saw increased manufacturing, while overseas regions faced decreased access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was Europe able to politically and economically dominate Africa during the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Europe exploited disorganized political systems in Africa and extracted resources for profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analyze how technology, especially social media, has challenged governments to control their territory.

<p>Social media reduces government control over information, affecting political outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has social media affected spatial movement in the world?

<p>Social media has facilitated faster job searches, criminal tracking, and easier voting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Elements of Culture

  • Five elements of culture: language (examples include Spanish, French, English), religion (example: Christianity), customs and beliefs (example: Thanksgiving), institutions (examples: churches, schools, workplaces), and technology (examples: computers, iPhones, tablets).

Language and Religion in Society

  • Language fosters connection and communication among people, while religion can create divisions based on differing beliefs and trust in various entities.

Cultural Convergence and Divergence

  • Cultural convergence occurs when diverse cultures come together due to shared traits; cultural divergence happens when cultures separate due to disagreements.

Globalization Influences

  • Cultural divergence significantly impacts globalization, potentially leading to societal separation and conflict.

Modern Examples of Cultural Change

  • Cultural convergence examples: McDonald's global presence and the fusion dish curry-wurst. Cultural divergence examples: Syria’s religious tensions and Yugoslavia's cultural separation post-communism.

Economic Systems Overview

  • Economic systems involve the production, exchange of goods, services, and resources within a country.

Types of Economic Systems

  • Mixed economy: a balance of freedom with some government regulation.
  • Market economy: characterized by free market dynamics, major economic inequality may occur.
  • Command economy: government controls all production aspects, limiting individual economic freedom.

Reasons for Varied Economic Systems

  • Different societal and political contexts lead countries to adopt specific economic systems, such as totalitarian regimes favoring command economies.

Mixed Economy Considerations

  • Benefits include production freedom; challenges can arise from limited variety in available goods due to government control.

Decline of Command Economies

  • Limited global presence of command economies stems from the absence of public economic management.

Political Systems Defined

  • Political systems comprise institutions, interest groups (like political parties), and the associated rules governing their operations.

Political Systems Purpose

  • Designed to maintain order and provide a legal framework for citizens.

Six Political Systems Characteristics

  • Democracy: power held by citizens directly or through representatives; follows majority rule.
  • Republic: similar to democracy, operates under a constitution, protects minority rights.
  • Theocracy: governance by religious leaders as representatives of divine authority.
  • Monarchy: rule by individuals through inheritance.
  • Dictatorship: power concentrated in one or a few individuals with limited oversight.
  • Totalitarianism: complete control over all societal aspects by a singular authority.

Democracy vs Republic

  • Republic frameworks protect minority rights through constitutional governance, while democracies prioritize majority rule without such protections.

Dictatorship vs Theocracy

  • Dictatorship arises from political authority; theocracy derives power from religious institutions.

Neolithic Revolution Impact

  • Agriculture led to permanent settlements and changed traditional human movement patterns.

Social Interaction Changes

  • Shift from gender equality in prehistory to a patriarchal system during the Neolithic Revolution, marking women’s status decline.

Property Concept Effects

  • Property ownership created socioeconomic disparities, influencing social dynamics and interactions.

Family Size Growth

  • Increased family sizes aimed at passing down wealth and titles due to settled agricultural lifestyles.

Independent Development of Civilizations

  • River valley civilizations developed independently based on their geographic and resource availability, particularly fertile soil and water supply.

Colonialism vs Imperialism

  • Colonialism involves establishing new societies; imperialism refers to military conquest for resource exploitation.

European Control Consequences

  • European dominance in overseas territories began with trading posts and later expanded into full-fledged empires, heavily impacting global power dynamics.

Spread of Western Culture

  • European colonization and imperialism significantly influenced cultural dynamics in both the Americas and Africa.

Historical Context of the Age of Exploration

  • African populations faced forced migrations and slavery, while many Europeans sought opportunities willingly in the Americas.

Columbian Exchange Effects

  • European diseases devastated native populations, while European settlers benefited from new crops and resources. Africa faced imperial control over its resources.

Challenges from Artificial Nation Creation

  • New African nations faced geographic, political, and cultural challenges, including resource access issues and potential civil conflicts.

Industrialization Changes

  • A marked shift toward urbanization and migration to cities arose as manufacturing jobs supplanted agricultural labor.

Technology and Spatial Diffusion

  • Advancements in technology, especially communication, enhanced information accessibility and connectivity between societies.

Raw Materials for Industrial Revolution

  • Industrialization in Europe was fueled by raw materials sourced through imperialism, leading to increased manufacturing and urban growth while overseas regions suffered resource dependency.

European Dominance in Africa

  • Political instability in African regions facilitated European domination, primarily through resource extraction and profit generation.

Social Media's Role

  • Social media weakens government control, making information flow more accessible and influencing political outcomes.

Social Media's Influence on Movement

  • Enhances spatial mobility through improved job access, criminal justice efficiency, and streamlined voting processes.

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