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Questions and Answers
What are the 5 elements of culture? Give examples of each.
Language (Spanish, French, English), religion (Christianity), customs and beliefs (Thanksgiving), institutions (churches, schools, work), technology (computers, iPhones, tablets).
Which 2 elements either unite people or cause conflict? Explain.
Language and religion; language connects people via communication, while religion can create divides based on differing beliefs.
Define cultural convergence and divergence.
Cultural convergence is when different cultures come together due to similar traits; cultural divergence is when cultures separate due to disagreements.
Does cultural convergence or divergence affect globalization more? Explain.
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Identify 2 examples of cultural convergence and divergence from current news stories. Explain why they are examples.
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Define economic systems.
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Name and define the 3 types of economic systems. Give an example of an economic activity which could occur in each system.
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Why do you think there are different economic systems? Could there be political, social, or cultural reasons? Such as?
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What are the benefits and challenges of a mixed economic system?
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Why do so few countries have a command economy?
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Define a political system.
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What is the purpose of a political system?
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Identify and give the characteristics of the 6 political systems.
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What is the difference between a democracy and a republic? Give an example of a difference.
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Compare and contrast a dictatorship to a theocracy.
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Analyze why the Neolithic Revolution changed settlement patterns.
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Describe the change in societal interactions between the Pre-Historic Age and the Neolithic Revolution and explain how we can tell.
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What concept caused the change?
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Explain what happened to family size and why it occurred?
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Would river valley civilizations have developed independently of each other or would they have developed dependent on one another? Why or why not?
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Define colonialism and imperialism.
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How was political control of overseas territories changed due to European control?
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How did the spread of western culture occur in the Americas and Africa?
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Compare and contrast Africa's experience to the Americas in the Age of Exploration.
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What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas, Europe, and Africa?
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What geographic, political and cultural problems might arise because of the forced creation of new African nations by Europe?
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What physical geographic change occurred during the Industrialization period?
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How did new technology impact human spatial diffusion?
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Where were the raw materials to fuel the Industrial Revolution coming from? Was there an impact in Europe? Explain. Was there an impact overseas? Explain.
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How was Europe able to politically and economically dominate Africa during the Industrial Revolution?
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Analyze how technology, especially social media, has challenged governments to control their territory.
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How has social media affected spatial movement in the world?
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Study Notes
Elements of Culture
- Five elements of culture: language (examples include Spanish, French, English), religion (example: Christianity), customs and beliefs (example: Thanksgiving), institutions (examples: churches, schools, workplaces), and technology (examples: computers, iPhones, tablets).
Language and Religion in Society
- Language fosters connection and communication among people, while religion can create divisions based on differing beliefs and trust in various entities.
Cultural Convergence and Divergence
- Cultural convergence occurs when diverse cultures come together due to shared traits; cultural divergence happens when cultures separate due to disagreements.
Globalization Influences
- Cultural divergence significantly impacts globalization, potentially leading to societal separation and conflict.
Modern Examples of Cultural Change
- Cultural convergence examples: McDonald's global presence and the fusion dish curry-wurst. Cultural divergence examples: Syria’s religious tensions and Yugoslavia's cultural separation post-communism.
Economic Systems Overview
- Economic systems involve the production, exchange of goods, services, and resources within a country.
Types of Economic Systems
- Mixed economy: a balance of freedom with some government regulation.
- Market economy: characterized by free market dynamics, major economic inequality may occur.
- Command economy: government controls all production aspects, limiting individual economic freedom.
Reasons for Varied Economic Systems
- Different societal and political contexts lead countries to adopt specific economic systems, such as totalitarian regimes favoring command economies.
Mixed Economy Considerations
- Benefits include production freedom; challenges can arise from limited variety in available goods due to government control.
Decline of Command Economies
- Limited global presence of command economies stems from the absence of public economic management.
Political Systems Defined
- Political systems comprise institutions, interest groups (like political parties), and the associated rules governing their operations.
Political Systems Purpose
- Designed to maintain order and provide a legal framework for citizens.
Six Political Systems Characteristics
- Democracy: power held by citizens directly or through representatives; follows majority rule.
- Republic: similar to democracy, operates under a constitution, protects minority rights.
- Theocracy: governance by religious leaders as representatives of divine authority.
- Monarchy: rule by individuals through inheritance.
- Dictatorship: power concentrated in one or a few individuals with limited oversight.
- Totalitarianism: complete control over all societal aspects by a singular authority.
Democracy vs Republic
- Republic frameworks protect minority rights through constitutional governance, while democracies prioritize majority rule without such protections.
Dictatorship vs Theocracy
- Dictatorship arises from political authority; theocracy derives power from religious institutions.
Neolithic Revolution Impact
- Agriculture led to permanent settlements and changed traditional human movement patterns.
Social Interaction Changes
- Shift from gender equality in prehistory to a patriarchal system during the Neolithic Revolution, marking women’s status decline.
Property Concept Effects
- Property ownership created socioeconomic disparities, influencing social dynamics and interactions.
Family Size Growth
- Increased family sizes aimed at passing down wealth and titles due to settled agricultural lifestyles.
Independent Development of Civilizations
- River valley civilizations developed independently based on their geographic and resource availability, particularly fertile soil and water supply.
Colonialism vs Imperialism
- Colonialism involves establishing new societies; imperialism refers to military conquest for resource exploitation.
European Control Consequences
- European dominance in overseas territories began with trading posts and later expanded into full-fledged empires, heavily impacting global power dynamics.
Spread of Western Culture
- European colonization and imperialism significantly influenced cultural dynamics in both the Americas and Africa.
Historical Context of the Age of Exploration
- African populations faced forced migrations and slavery, while many Europeans sought opportunities willingly in the Americas.
Columbian Exchange Effects
- European diseases devastated native populations, while European settlers benefited from new crops and resources. Africa faced imperial control over its resources.
Challenges from Artificial Nation Creation
- New African nations faced geographic, political, and cultural challenges, including resource access issues and potential civil conflicts.
Industrialization Changes
- A marked shift toward urbanization and migration to cities arose as manufacturing jobs supplanted agricultural labor.
Technology and Spatial Diffusion
- Advancements in technology, especially communication, enhanced information accessibility and connectivity between societies.
Raw Materials for Industrial Revolution
- Industrialization in Europe was fueled by raw materials sourced through imperialism, leading to increased manufacturing and urban growth while overseas regions suffered resource dependency.
European Dominance in Africa
- Political instability in African regions facilitated European domination, primarily through resource extraction and profit generation.
Social Media's Role
- Social media weakens government control, making information flow more accessible and influencing political outcomes.
Social Media's Influence on Movement
- Enhances spatial mobility through improved job access, criminal justice efficiency, and streamlined voting processes.
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