Questions and Answers
What are observations?
Any information that is collected with any of the senses.
What is data?
The results of specific trials or tests completed during experiments.
What is a hypothesis?
A statement that predicts a relationship between cause and effect in a way that can be tested.
What is sexual reproduction?
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What is asexual reproduction?
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What is a stimulus?
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What is homeostasis?
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What is evolution?
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What is a nucleus?
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What is an amino acid?
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What is an enzyme?
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What is ecology?
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What is a species?
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What is a population?
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What is a community?
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What is an ecosystem?
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What is an autotroph?
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What is a heterotroph?
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What is a producer?
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What is a consumer?
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What is a decomposer?
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What is a food chain?
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What is a food web?
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What is biotic?
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What is abiotic?
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What is a habitat?
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What is a niche?
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What is ecological succession?
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What is a limiting factor?
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What is biodiversity?
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What is extinction?
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What is global warming?
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What is a cell?
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What is a chromosome?
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What is a ribosome?
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What is a vacuole?
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What is a mitochondrion?
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What is a chloroplast?
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What is a cell membrane?
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What is equilibrium?
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What is tissue?
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What is an organ?
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What is an organ system?
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What is cellular respiration?
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What is mitosis?
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What is meiosis?
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What is fertilization?
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What is a trait?
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What is a gene?
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What is a mutation?
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What is selective breeding?
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What is genetic engineering?
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What is a fossil record?
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What is natural selection?
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What is relative dating?
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What is a period?
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What is an order?
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What are bacteria?
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What are fungi?
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What is a virus?
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What is a pathogen?
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What is a vaccine?
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What is an antibiotic?
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What is a leaf?
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What is a stem?
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What is a seed?
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What is an embryo?
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What is a guard cell?
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What is a hormone?
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What is a crop?
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What is a placenta?
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What is communication?
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What is a drug?
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What is fat?
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What is the liver?
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What is the pituitary gland?
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What is a zygote?
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What is a fetus?
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What is a disease?
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What is an antigen?
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Study Notes
Observations and Data
- Observations involve collecting information through senses.
- Data represents results from experiments and trials.
Hypothesis and Reproductive Methods
- A hypothesis predicts a testable relationship between variables.
- Sexual reproduction requires two parents, leading to genetically diverse offspring.
- Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, producing identical offspring.
Biological Responses and Adaptations
- A stimulus is an environmental change prompting an organism's response.
- Homeostasis maintains stable internal conditions despite external changes.
- Evolution describes the gradual change of species over time.
Cell Structures and Functions
- The nucleus controls cell metabolism and contains genetic material.
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
- Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions in organisms.
Ecology and Populations
- Ecology studies interactions among living things and their environments.
- A species consists of organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring.
- Populations are groups of the same species in a defined area, forming communities with diverse populations.
Ecosystems and Energy Flow
- An ecosystem includes all living and non-living components in an area.
- Autotrophs produce their own food; heterotrophs obtain energy from others.
- Producers create food from inorganic materials; consumers rely on producers for energy.
Food Relationships and Environmental Factors
- A food chain outlines specific relationships between organisms.
- A food web illustrates interconnected food chains within an ecosystem.
- Biotic factors are living components, while abiotic factors are nonliving elements.
Habitat and Niche
- A habitat is where organisms live; a niche is their specific role in the ecosystem.
- Ecological succession is the process of one community replacing another.
Population Dynamics and Biodiversity
- Limiting factors restrict population sizes.
- Biodiversity refers to the variety of species in a given area.
- Extinction is the complete loss of a species from Earth.
Climate Change and Cellular Structures
- Global warming leads to increased average temperatures due to greenhouse gases.
- Cells are the basic structural units of organisms, containing chromosomes and DNA.
Cell Organelles and Functions
- Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis; vacuoles store substances in cells.
- Mitochondria extract energy from nutrients; chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis.
Reproductive Processes
- Mitosis divides the nucleus into two identical nuclei; meiosis produces sex cells.
- Fertilization merges sperm and egg cells, leading to zygote formation.
Genetics and Evolution
- Traits are inherited characteristics influenced by genes, which are DNA segments coding for specific features.
- Mutations involve changes in DNA sequences, potentially leading to selective breeding for advantageous traits.
Historical Biology and Natural Processes
- The fossil record provides insights into Earth's biological history.
- Natural selection favors adaptations, allowing well-suited organisms to thrive.
Microorganisms and Diseases
- Bacteria are single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus; fungi are multicellular and heterotrophic.
- Viruses are nonliving particles requiring host cells to reproduce, often causing disease.
- Pathogens invade bodies, leading to illnesses; vaccines prepare the immune system against future infections.
Human Physiology
- Hormones are chemicals released by endocrine glands, impacting bodily functions.
- The liver detoxifies substances; the pituitary gland regulates endocrine system activities.
- The placenta facilitates nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus.
General Health and Immunity
- Disease denotes conditions that impair body functions; drugs influence bodily reactions.
- Antigens are identified by the immune system as self or foreign entities, prompting immune responses.
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Description
Prepare for the Living Environment Regents exam with these flashcards covering essential terms and definitions. This quiz includes key concepts such as observations, data, hypothesis, and sexual reproduction. Test your knowledge and get ready to excel in your exam.