Living Beings & Organizational Levels
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between viruses and cells?

  • Viruses and cells engage in mutualistic relationships, benefiting both organisms.
  • Viruses are not made of cells, but require cells to multiply as obligate intracellular parasites. (correct)
  • Viruses are made up of cells and use them for energy production.
  • Viruses are independent organisms that do not interact with cells.

What is the primary goal of genetic engineering with bacteria, as described?

  • To create new species of bacteria that can decompose plastic.
  • To modify bacteria for producing novel antibiotics and vitamins. (correct)
  • To eliminate all bacteria to prevent disease.
  • To make bacteria resistant to extreme environmental conditions.

How do photosynthetic bacteria differ from plants in their photosynthetic mechanisms?

  • Photosynthetic bacteria use a modified version of chlorophyll that captures a broader spectrum of light.
  • Photosynthetic bacteria do not perform photosynthesis; they obtain energy through chemosynthesis.
  • Photosynthetic bacteria use chlorophyll, similar to plants, but in a less efficient manner.
  • Photosynthetic bacteria utilize bacteriochlorophyll instead of chlorophyll for photosynthesis. (correct)

Which process involves a parent organism dividing into many small spores that germinate into new individuals?

<p>Sporulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a mature male or female reproductive cell?

<p>Gamete (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'completion' relate to biotic characteristics within an ecosystem?

<p>Completion describes relationships between living organisms in a habitat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines 'biodiversity'?

<p>The number of different species of animals and plants pertaining to the same environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of interaction is described when different types of organisms have a mutually beneficial association?

<p>Mutualism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of reproduction, what generally happens during 'sprouts'?

<p>The emergence of new growth from a seed or bud. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an asexual reproduction compare to sexual reproduction?

<p>Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent without gamete fusion, while sexual reproduction involves gametes and genetic variation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between autotrophic organisms and the food chain?

<p>Autotrophic organisms synthesize organic molecules, providing energy for other organisms in the food chain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does binary fission contribute to the genetic diversity of prokaryotic cells?

<p>Binary fission produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between anabolic and catabolic processes within an organism's metabolism?

<p>Anabolic processes consume energy to synthesize molecules, while catabolic processes release energy by breaking down molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic primarily distinguishes autotrophic from heterotrophic organisms?

<p>Autotrophic organisms can synthesize organic molecules from inorganic sources, while heterotrophic organisms cannot. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A farmer wants to propagate a specific apple tree known for its unique fruit. Which method would result in offspring genetically identical to the parent tree?

<p>Grafting a cutting from the tree onto another apple tree rootstock. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental role of aerobic processes in metabolism?

<p>To facilitate the breakdown of organic substances in the presence of oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In metabolism, what distinguishes catabolic reactions from anabolic reactions?

<p>Catabolic reactions release energy by breaking down complex molecules, while anabolic reactions require energy to build complex molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism relies solely on consuming pre-existing organic molecules for energy?

<p>A heterotroph (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process exemplifies the asexual production of genetically identical offspring from a parent plant?

<p>Sprouting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do autotrophic organisms contribute to making energy accessible for heterotrophic organisms?

<p>By producing organic molecules from inorganic compounds through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cutting (estaquia) considered a form of asexual reproduction?

<p>It produces offspring that are genetically identical to a single parent plant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of autotrophic organisms in an ecosystem?

<p>To produce organic compounds from inorganic sources, acting as primary producers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a plant reproduces via cutting (estaquia), what is a characteristic of the new plant?

<p>It is genetically identical to the parent plant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a consequence if all autotrophic organisms were removed from an ecosystem?

<p>The flow of energy through the ecosystem would stop. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic process breaks down complex molecules into simpler units, releasing energy?

<p>Catabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biotic Characteristics

Characteristics related to living organisms in a habitat.

Ecosystem

A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment.

Biodiversity

The variety of life, measured by the number of different species of animals and plants in an environment.

Mutualism

A mutually beneficial relationship between different types of organisms.

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Viruses

Obligate intracellular parasites that depend on host cells to multiply; not made of cells themselves.

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Gamete

A mature male or female reproductive cell.

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Sporulation

A form of asexual reproduction where an organism divides into many small spores, each capable of germinating into a new individual.

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Sprouting (Brotamento)

A type of asexual reproduction where a part of the parent organism detaches and grows into a new, genetically identical individual.

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Cutting (Estaquia)

A type of asexual reproduction where a cutting from a plant develops into a new, genetically identical individual when planted.

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Binary Division

A form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism.

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Autotrophic Organisms

Organisms that can produce their own food from inorganic substances using energy from sunlight or chemical reactions.

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Autotrophic (Transformation)

Metabolic processes associated with synthesizing complex organic molecules from simpler inorganic molecules.

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Heterotrophic

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming organic molecules produced by other organisms.

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Heterotrophic (Transformation)

A metabolic transformation where organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules.

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Anabolic

Metabolic processes associated with the synthesis of complex molecules, requiring energy input.

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Aerobic

Metabolic processes that occur in the presence of oxygen.

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Catabolic

Metabolic processes associated with the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

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Budding

A new organism grows from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.

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Fragmentation

A form of asexual reproduction where a plant fragment develops into a new plant if it is separated from the parent plant.

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Sexual reproduction

The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes).

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Asexual reproduction

A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.

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Study Notes

  • Neuroproject: Living Beings & Organizational Levels

Biotic characteristics

  • Related the living organisms of a given habitat.

Basic definitions

Ecosystem

  • Biological diversity is given by numbers of different species of animals and plants pertaining to the same environment.

Biodiversity

  • Mutually beneficial association between different types of organisms

Mutualism

  • Viruses are not made up of cells, but depend on them to multiply, as they are obligate intracellular parasites

Viruses

  • Genetic engineering aims to create antibiotics and vitamins.
  • Bacteria which undergo photosynthesis do not have chlorophyll, but rather bacteriochrophyll.

Bacteria

Reproduction

  • Mature male or female germ cell

Gamete

  • Division into many small spores which later germinate into new beings.

Sporulation

  • Event in which sprouts come up
  • A part of the former subject falls off and develops into a new subject, genetically identical to its ancestor (progenitor).

Sprouting (brotamento)

  • Part of a vegetable is cut off and planted in moist soil where it will develop and into a new subject, genetically identical to its ancestor (progenitor).

Cutting (estaquia)

Metabolism

  • It is a series of transformations that chemical substances undergo within the organism of living beings.
  • It is a process common to prokaryotic cells, where genetic material is replicated, and the cell splits into two parts, giving birth to two subjects genetically identical.
  • Binary division is an example of asexual reproduction.
  • Such transformations are classified as autotrophic when related to the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules.

- Autotrophic organisms

  • Capable to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules, using external sources of energy such as solar light and chemical reactions.
  • Fundamental for biomass reproduction and food chain sustainability.

- Heterotrophic

  • Transformation in which an organism obtains energy from organic molecules produced by other organisms.
  • Considering metabolism, heterotrophic transformations are associated with obtaining energy by breaking down complex organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) obtained from food.

- Organic molecules

Has to do with protein synthesis, which consumes energy

Anabolic

  • Oxidation of organic substances when oxygen is present.

Aerobic

  • Associated with degradation or the breaking down of complex molecules into simpler units.

Catabolic

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Description

This lesson covers biotic characteristics, ecosystems, biodiversity, mutualism, and viruses. It also explores bacteria, reproduction, gametes, sporulation, and sprouts. Learn about the diverse aspects of living organisms and their organizational levels.

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