Livestock Breeds Flashcards

Cattle Breeds

• Angus: British breed with the highest US registrations; known for exceptional mothering ability and superior carcass marbling.
• Brahman: Bos Indicus breed renowned for its heat and insect tolerance.
• Brangus: A crossbreed (3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus) developed in the US, combining heat tolerance with maternal and carcass traits.
• Charolais: High growth breed from France, recognized for its muscle development and cutability in carcass.
• Chianina: Originating from Italy, considered the tallest breed of cattle, known for its size and growth.
• Gelbvieh: Developed in Germany as a dual-purpose breed, valued for good carcass cutability and early puberty.
• Hereford: Hardy British breed available in horned and polled forms, linking both associations in recent years.
• Limousin: French breed with moderate growth, frame size, and high carcass cutability.
• Maine-Anjou: A French breed resulting from crossing Durham and Mancelle; distinguished by good muscling.
• Red Angus: A maternal breed from Scotland known for good terminal-related performance.
• Red Poll: Originally a dual-purpose breed from England, known for moderate size and good milk production.
• Salers: One of the oldest European breeds, traced back to ancient France, known for genetic purity.
• Santa Gertrudis: Texas-developed breed (3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Shorthorn); first official breed in the US, recognized for heat tolerance and maternal traits.
• Shorthorn: Originated in England, recognized as a maternal breed with three color patterns.
• Simmental: Swiss breed initially developed for meat, milk, and draft; noted for high growth rate and carcass cutability.
• Texas Longhorn: Considered a "survival of the fittest" breed due to natural selection, renowned for hardiness and adaptability.

Swine Breeds

• Berkshire: British breed valued for pork quality, tenderness, and marbling.
• Chester White: Maternal breed from Pennsylvania, recognized for high conception rates.
• Duroc: Developed in New Jersey and New York, known for high growth rate, durability, and leanness.
• Hampshire: Black and white breed from the US, recognized for rapid growth and aggressive breeding.
• Hereford (swine): Dual-purpose breed characterized by red with white markings.
• Landrace: Notable for large litter sizes, droopy ears, and refined bone structure.
• Pietrain: Known for extreme muscle volume, but has a high propensity for stress, raising pork quality concerns.
• Poland China: Lean, heavy-muscled breed from Ohio, known for its six white points and droopy ears.
• Spot: Terminal sire breed recognized for unique color patterns, muscle quality, and cutability.
• Tamworth: Rugged red breed known for being a lean hog type with a long neck, snout, and leg.
• Yorkshire: Known as the "mother breed" with erect ears.

Sheep Breeds

• Cheviot: Small-sized meat breed from Scotland, noted for its hardiness.
• Columbia: Large-framed breed from the US, developed from Lincoln and Rambouillet breeds.
• Corriedale: Large frame wool breed resulting from crossing Lincoln or Leicester rams with Merino ewes.
• Dorper: Primarily mutton sheep from South Africa, known for being one of the most fertile sheep breeds.
• Dorset: An English meat breed with a white face, distinguished by its ability to breed out of season.
• Finnsheep: Lightly muscled breed from Finland, recognized for its prolific breeding capabilities.
• Hampshire (sheep): Large framed English meat breed featuring a black face.